Leys - Genomics, Proteomics, and Metabolomics Flashcards
There are close to _______ bases of the human genome, but only _______ protein-coding genes.
3 billion
20,000-25,000
_______ and _______ result in 4-6 different _______ from a single gene.
alternative splicing
alternative gene promoters
mRNAs
The number of protein-coding mRNAs (_______) may be as large as _______.
transcriptome
100,000
The original Human Genome Project used _______ and _______ approaches for sequencing.
“clone-by-clone”
“shotgun”
There are _______ gaps remaining in the Human Genome (compared to _______ in draft).
250
150,000
Since the completion of the human genome, sequence capacity has _______ dramatically while costs have _______.
increased
declined
_______ database has >10,000 entries that associate _______ with _______.
Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM)
human genes
inherited diseases
_______ are mapped base positions in the genome where the _______ varies among people.
single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)
nucleotide
Companies (like 23 and Me) are offering _______ scans to individuals for less than $100. This analysis is based on _______.
full genome
single nucelotide polymorphism analysis (SNP)
_______ is labeled DNA that is _______ to an array of several million _______ on chips. This can be used for _______ for early detection of _______.
chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) hybridized oligonucleotides prenatal screening chromosomal defects
_______ is the complement of mRNAs containing protein-coding sequences but there are also other RNAs produced that play _______ or _______ functions (miRNA, siRNA, etc.)
transcriptome
structural
regulatory
The _______ can be studied using _______, a collection of complementary DNA (cDNA) made from mRNA or synthetic oligonucleotides arranged on a solid phase slide in a defined order.
transcriptome
microarrays
Generally, several _______ per gene are used.
oligonucleotide probes
Two samples can be compared by labeling each with _______ and hybridizing them to the same array (ex. two _______ arrays can compare normal and cancer cells)
a different fluorescent dye
color
With advances in sequencing technology, _______ or sequencing the entire _______ in a sample, is rapidly replacing _______ approaches.
RNAseq
compliment of RNA
microarray
Data analysis is _______ and requires _______.
bioinformatics intensive
stringent statistical analysis
_______ is the study of the protein complement of a cell.
proteomics
_______ is the analysis of protein profiles from two or more samples (ex. diseased vs. healthy cells) to identify _______ that could be responsible for _______.
comparative proteomics
quantitative differences
observed phenotypes
_______ can identify posttranslational modifications that cannot be detected by _______.
proteomics
transcriptome analysis
Proteins can be separated by _______ or by _______.
two dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) liquid chromatography (FPLC, HPLC)
Proteins are identified by _______.
mass spectrometry
_______ is the identification and quantification of steady-state levels of _______ (sugars, amino acids, lipids, nucleotides, etc.)
metabolomics
intracellular metabolites
Because the technology to identify every metabolite in a biological sample is not available, _______ is often carried out where a few specific metabolites are measured.
targeted metabolomics
