Leys - Genomics, Proteomics, and Metabolomics

Question 1

There are close to _______ bases of the human genome, but only _______ protein-coding genes.

Answer 1

3 billion

20,000-25,000

Question 2

_______ and _______ result in 4-6 different _______ from a single gene.

Answer 2

alternative splicing
alternative gene promoters
mRNAs

Question 3

The number of protein-coding mRNAs (_______) may be as large as _______.

Answer 3

transcriptome

100,000

Question 4

The original Human Genome Project used _______ and _______ approaches for sequencing.

Answer 4

“clone-by-clone”

“shotgun”

Question 5

There are _______ gaps remaining in the Human Genome (compared to _______ in draft).

Answer 5

250

150,000

Question 6

Since the completion of the human genome, sequence capacity has _______ dramatically while costs have _______.

Answer 6

increased

declined

Question 7

_______ database has >10,000 entries that associate _______ with _______.

Answer 7

Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM)
human genes
inherited diseases

Question 8

_______ are mapped base positions in the genome where the _______ varies among people.

Answer 8

single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)

nucleotide

Question 9

Companies (like 23 and Me) are offering _______ scans to individuals for less than $100. This analysis is based on _______.

Answer 9

full genome

single nucelotide polymorphism analysis (SNP)

Question 10

_______ is labeled DNA that is _______ to an array of several million _______ on chips. This can be used for _______ for early detection of _______.

Answer 10

chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA)
hybridized
oligonucleotides
prenatal screening
chromosomal defects

Question 11

_______ is the complement of mRNAs containing protein-coding sequences but there are also other RNAs produced that play _______ or _______ functions (miRNA, siRNA, etc.)

Answer 11

transcriptome
structural
regulatory

Question 12

The _______ can be studied using _______, a collection of complementary DNA (cDNA) made from mRNA or synthetic oligonucleotides arranged on a solid phase slide in a defined order.

Answer 12

transcriptome

microarrays

Question 13

Generally, several _______ per gene are used.

Answer 13

oligonucleotide probes

Question 14

Two samples can be compared by labeling each with _______ and hybridizing them to the same array (ex. two _______ arrays can compare normal and cancer cells)

Answer 14

a different fluorescent dye

color

Question 15

With advances in sequencing technology, _______ or sequencing the entire _______ in a sample, is rapidly replacing _______ approaches.

Answer 15

RNAseq
compliment of RNA
microarray

Question 16

Data analysis is _______ and requires _______.

Answer 16

bioinformatics intensive

stringent statistical analysis

Question 17

_______ is the study of the protein complement of a cell.

Answer 17

proteomics

Question 18

_______ is the analysis of protein profiles from two or more samples (ex. diseased vs. healthy cells) to identify _______ that could be responsible for _______.

Answer 18

comparative proteomics
quantitative differences
observed phenotypes

Question 19

_______ can identify posttranslational modifications that cannot be detected by _______.

Answer 19

proteomics

transcriptome analysis

Question 20

Proteins can be separated by _______ or by _______.

Answer 20

two dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE)
liquid chromatography (FPLC, HPLC)

Question 21

Proteins are identified by _______.

Answer 21

mass spectrometry

Question 22

_______ is the identification and quantification of steady-state levels of _______ (sugars, amino acids, lipids, nucleotides, etc.)

Answer 22

metabolomics

intracellular metabolites

Question 23

Because the technology to identify every metabolite in a biological sample is not available, _______ is often carried out where a few specific metabolites are measured.

Answer 23

targeted metabolomics