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Biochemistry-3 > Leys- Nutrition > Flashcards

Leys- Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

What contributes to nutrition?

A 
Appetite
energy use
genotype
digestion
metabolism
availability of food
customs
presence of disease
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2
Q

Appetite
energy use
digestion
metabolism

What else contributes to nutrition?

A

presence of disease

genotype

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3
Q

What are three things that regulate food intake?

A

Leptin, ghrelin, and insulin

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4
Q

Leptin, ___, and ___ regulate food intake

A

ghrelin and insulin

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5
Q

___ circulates the body at levels proportionate to body fat

A

Leptin

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6
Q

Leptin signals the brain that it is ____, and does not need food any more

A

satiated

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7
Q

What signals the brains when it is satiated?

A

Leptin

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8
Q

What tissue secretes adipokines?

A

Adipose tissue

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9
Q

What does adipokines regulate?

A

metabolic processes to meet the body’s needs

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10
Q

AMP and AMP/ATP regulate what?

A

AMP-activated kinase (AMPK)

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11
Q

What does AMPK sense?

A

cellular energy level

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12
Q

AMPK is regulated by what

A

AMP and AMP/ATP

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13
Q

What does AMPK regulate?

A

rate limiting enzymes in energy producing and using pathways

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14
Q

High levels of AMPK inhibit…?

A

energy using pathways

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15
Q

High levels of AMPK stimulate..?

A

energy producing pathways

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16
Q

Increased ___ stimulates appetite

A

Ghrelin

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17
Q

___ favors accumulation of lipids in visceral fatty tissue

A

Ghrelin

18
Q

Ghrelin favors what?

A

accumulation of lipids in the visceral fatty tissue

19
Q

Estimated average requirements of ___ and ___ changes with age and sex

A

proteins and calories

20
Q

Ideal amount of intake is equal to…

A

the amount of calories used for the day

21
Q

RDA stands for?

A

Recommend daily allowance

22
Q

A value that is accurate for most of a population

A

RDA

23
Q

EAR?

A

Estimated Average requirement

24
Q

Adequate for half of the population

A

EAR

25
Q

what has the highest content per weight

A

Fat

26
Q

what has a high energy content

A

Alcohol

27
Q

Increase in high fructose corn syrup is correlated with..

A

increase in obesity

28
Q

how is high fructose corn syrup made?

A

breaking down cornstarch into glucose

29
Q

What conversion happens after making high fructose corn syrup?

A

fructose with glucose isomerase

30
Q

What enzyme is used for the break down of cornstarch into glucose?

A

amylase

31
Q

Mercury
hypertension
high cholesterol, long term liver damage, increased risk of diabetes, and weight gain
are assoicated with what consumption?

A

high fructose corn syrup

32
Q

what should you not eat?

A

high fructose corn syrup :)

33
Q

What does protein-calorie malnutrition cause?

A

decreased protein synthesis

glucose transport, fatty liver, liver necrosis/fibrosis, depression, hypothermia

34
Q

(increased/decreased) protein synthesis

glucose transport, fatty liver, liver necrosis/_____, depression, and ___ are associated with what??

A

decreased
fibrosis
and hypothermia

associated with protein-calorie malnutrition

35
Q

What does obesity increase?

A 
o	Type 2 diabetes
o	Hypertension
o	Stroke
o	Dyslipidemia
o	Gall stones
o	Respiratory disorders
o	Muculoskeletal disorders
o	Cancers
•	Breast
•	Endometrial
•	Ovarian
•	Gall bladder
•	Colon
36
Q

What 5 cancers is obesity associated with?

A

Breast, endometrial, ovarian, gall bladder, and colon

37
Q

Cis fatty acids? Same or Different side? Bend or kink?

A

Bend and Same side

38
Q

Trans fatty acids? Same or different side? Bend or kink?

A

Different and kink

39
Q

Which fatty acids are nonessential and no benefit to health?

A

Trans fatty acids

40
Q

satured/unsaturated fats increase in?

A

LDL (bad cholesterol)

41
Q

what fats increase LDL and decrease HDL

A

Trans increase LDL and decrease HDL

42
Q

what disease does an increase in LDL

A

coronary heart disease

Biochemistry-3 (6 decks)

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