Leys- Nutrition

Question 1

What contributes to nutrition?

Answer 1

Appetite
energy use
genotype
digestion
metabolism
availability of food
customs
presence of disease

Question 2

Appetite
energy use
digestion
metabolism

What else contributes to nutrition?

Answer 2

presence of disease

genotype

Question 3

What are three things that regulate food intake?

Answer 3

Leptin, ghrelin, and insulin

Question 4

Leptin, ___, and ___ regulate food intake

Answer 4

ghrelin and insulin

Question 5

___ circulates the body at levels proportionate to body fat

Answer 5

Leptin

Question 6

Leptin signals the brain that it is ____, and does not need food any more

Answer 6

satiated

Question 7

What signals the brains when it is satiated?

Answer 7

Leptin

Question 8

What tissue secretes adipokines?

Answer 8

Adipose tissue

Question 9

What does adipokines regulate?

Answer 9

metabolic processes to meet the body’s needs

Question 10

AMP and AMP/ATP regulate what?

Answer 10

AMP-activated kinase (AMPK)

Question 11

What does AMPK sense?

Answer 11

cellular energy level

Question 12

AMPK is regulated by what

Answer 12

AMP and AMP/ATP

Question 13

What does AMPK regulate?

Answer 13

rate limiting enzymes in energy producing and using pathways

Question 14

High levels of AMPK inhibit…?

Answer 14

energy using pathways

Question 15

High levels of AMPK stimulate..?

Answer 15

energy producing pathways

Question 16

Increased ___ stimulates appetite

Answer 16

Ghrelin

Question 17

___ favors accumulation of lipids in visceral fatty tissue

Answer 17

Ghrelin

Question 18

Ghrelin favors what?

Answer 18

accumulation of lipids in the visceral fatty tissue

Question 19

Estimated average requirements of ___ and ___ changes with age and sex

Answer 19

proteins and calories

Question 20

Ideal amount of intake is equal to…

Answer 20

the amount of calories used for the day

Question 21

RDA stands for?

Answer 21

Recommend daily allowance

Question 22

A value that is accurate for most of a population

Answer 22

RDA

Question 23

EAR?

Answer 23

Estimated Average requirement

Question 24

Adequate for half of the population

Answer 24

EAR

Question 25

what has the highest content per weight

Answer 25

Fat

Question 26

what has a high energy content

Answer 26

Alcohol

Question 27

Increase in high fructose corn syrup is correlated with..

Answer 27

increase in obesity

Question 28

how is high fructose corn syrup made?

Answer 28

breaking down cornstarch into glucose

Question 29

What conversion happens after making high fructose corn syrup?

Answer 29

fructose with glucose isomerase

Question 30

What enzyme is used for the break down of cornstarch into glucose?

Answer 30

amylase

Question 31

Mercury hypertension high cholesterol, long term liver damage, increased risk of diabetes, and weight gain are assoicated with what consumption?

Answer 31

high fructose corn syrup

Question 32

what should you not eat?

Answer 32

high fructose corn syrup :)

Question 33

What does protein-calorie malnutrition cause?

Answer 33

decreased protein synthesis | glucose transport, fatty liver, liver necrosis/fibrosis, depression, hypothermia

Question 34

(increased/decreased) protein synthesis | glucose transport, fatty liver, liver necrosis/_____, depression, and ___ are associated with what??

Answer 34

decreased fibrosis and hypothermia associated with protein-calorie malnutrition

Question 35

What does obesity increase?

Answer 35

``` o Type 2 diabetes o Hypertension o Stroke o Dyslipidemia o Gall stones o Respiratory disorders o Muculoskeletal disorders o Cancers • Breast • Endometrial • Ovarian • Gall bladder • Colon ```

Question 36

What 5 cancers is obesity associated with?

Answer 36

Breast, endometrial, ovarian, gall bladder, and colon

Question 37

Cis fatty acids? Same or Different side? Bend or kink?

Answer 37

Bend and Same side

Question 38

Trans fatty acids? Same or different side? Bend or kink?

Answer 38

Different and kink

Question 39

Which fatty acids are nonessential and no benefit to health?

Answer 39

Trans fatty acids

Question 40

satured/unsaturated fats increase in?

Answer 40

LDL (bad cholesterol)

Question 41

what fats increase LDL and decrease HDL

Answer 41

Trans increase LDL and decrease HDL

Question 42

what disease does an increase in LDL

Answer 42

coronary heart disease