Leys- Intracellular Compartents

Question 1

Intracellular components of an animal cell (PLEMNRS-C)

Answer 1

Peroxisomes
Lysosomes
Endosomes
Mitochondria (second largest)
Nucleus
Rough ER
Smooth ER
Cytosol (largest, not an organelle)

Question 2

___ that have ___ a membrane are no longer inside the cell, they must ___ the membrane to ___ the cell

Answer 2

Proteins
crossed
recross
reenter

Question 3

What moves from compartment to compartment within a cell by budding off and membrane fusion?

Answer 3

Vesicles

Question 4

What does vesicles do?

Answer 4

move around the cell and bud off and fuse with membranes

Question 5

What does proteins have that direct them to cross the membrane?

Answer 5

Signal sequences at the AMINO TERMINUS

Question 6

Fewer proteins have ___ signal sequences

Answer 6

internal

Question 7

What is the nucleus surrounded by?

Answer 7

double lipid bilayer

Question 8

what allows molecules, including proteins, to pass from nucleus to cytosol and back?

Answer 8

nuclear pores

Question 9

What does nuclear pores do?

Answer 9

allow molecules to pass from nucleus to cytosol

Question 10

___ proteins pass through nuclear pores through ___ process

Answer 10

Larger

Active

Question 11

what do nuclear import receptors bind to?

Answer 11

nuclear transport signals

Question 12

What are nuclear transport signals found on?

Answer 12

nuclear bound proteins

Question 13

what do nuclear import receptors facilitate?

Answer 13

transport into the nucleus

Question 14

It generally requires ___ signals to transport proteins from the ___ to the lumen of the ____

Answer 14

multiple
cytosol
mitochondria

Question 15

What are located in the mitochondrial membrane?

Answer 15

translocators

Question 16

What do translocators interact with?

Answer 16

specific set of proteins

Question 17

what requires energy in the mitochondria?

Answer 17

transport of protein into the mitochondria

Question 18

Proteins enter ____ using a mechanism similar to entering mitochondria

Answer 18

perixosomes

Question 19

what do proteins travel from and through

Answer 19

from the ER through the Golgi to many sites

Question 20

What binds to the signal sequence during translation?

Answer 20

signal recognition protein (SPR)

Question 21

SRP binds to the signal sequence during what?

Answer 21

translation

Question 22

What does SRP direct to the ER membrane?

Answer 22

Nascent peptide

Question 23

Nascent peptide is directed by what to get to the ER membrane?

Answer 23

SRP

Question 24

Proteins bound to the mitochondria are translated where?

Answer 24

In cytosol

Question 25

Proteins are translated in the cytosol then transported through ___ membrane, which requires ___

Answer 25

mitochondrial

ATP

Question 26

Proteins enter mitochondria ___ energy and after ___

Answer 26

require

translation

Question 27

Proteins entering ER during translation, do they need energy or not?

Answer 27

do not need energy

Question 28

Proteins can be transported through the __ membrane during translation (NO ENERGY)

Answer 28

ER

Question 29

What modification of proteins in ER helps direct them to their destiniation

Answer 29

Carbohydrate

Question 30

Proteins have to undergo carbohydrate modification to direct them to their ____

Answer 30

destination

Question 31

what is the default pathway?

Answer 31

send the protein to the cell surface if there are no other signals

Question 32

What pathway are cells storing proteins in secretory vesicles until they are signaled to be released from the cell

Answer 32

Regulated secretory pathway

Question 33

After the vesicles are signaled to be released to the cell, what does the vesicle do?

Answer 33

fuse to the cell membrane