Leys- Intracellular Compartents Flashcards
Intracellular components of an animal cell (PLEMNRS-C)
Peroxisomes Lysosomes Endosomes Mitochondria (second largest) Nucleus Rough ER Smooth ER Cytosol (largest, not an organelle)
___ that have ___ a membrane are no longer inside the cell, they must ___ the membrane to ___ the cell
Proteins
crossed
recross
reenter
What moves from compartment to compartment within a cell by budding off and membrane fusion?
Vesicles
What does vesicles do?
move around the cell and bud off and fuse with membranes
What does proteins have that direct them to cross the membrane?
Signal sequences at the AMINO TERMINUS
Fewer proteins have ___ signal sequences
internal
What is the nucleus surrounded by?
double lipid bilayer
what allows molecules, including proteins, to pass from nucleus to cytosol and back?
nuclear pores
What does nuclear pores do?
allow molecules to pass from nucleus to cytosol
___ proteins pass through nuclear pores through ___ process
Larger
Active
what do nuclear import receptors bind to?
nuclear transport signals
What are nuclear transport signals found on?
nuclear bound proteins
what do nuclear import receptors facilitate?
transport into the nucleus
It generally requires ___ signals to transport proteins from the ___ to the lumen of the ____
multiple
cytosol
mitochondria
What are located in the mitochondrial membrane?
translocators
What do translocators interact with?
specific set of proteins
what requires energy in the mitochondria?
transport of protein into the mitochondria
Proteins enter ____ using a mechanism similar to entering mitochondria
perixosomes
what do proteins travel from and through
from the ER through the Golgi to many sites
What binds to the signal sequence during translation?
signal recognition protein (SPR)
SRP binds to the signal sequence during what?
translation
What does SRP direct to the ER membrane?
Nascent peptide
Nascent peptide is directed by what to get to the ER membrane?
SRP
Proteins bound to the mitochondria are translated where?
In cytosol
Proteins are translated in the cytosol then transported through ___ membrane, which requires ___
mitochondrial
ATP
Proteins enter mitochondria ___ energy and after ___
require
translation
Proteins entering ER during translation, do they need energy or not?
do not need energy
Proteins can be transported through the __ membrane during translation (NO ENERGY)
ER
What modification of proteins in ER helps direct them to their destiniation
Carbohydrate
Proteins have to undergo carbohydrate modification to direct them to their ____
destination
what is the default pathway?
send the protein to the cell surface if there are no other signals
What pathway are cells storing proteins in secretory vesicles until they are signaled to be released from the cell
Regulated secretory pathway
After the vesicles are signaled to be released to the cell, what does the vesicle do?
fuse to the cell membrane
