Leys Exam 4 Nutrition Flashcards
Recommended daily allowance (RDA) for a nutrient is a value that is adequate for _______. The estimated average requirement (EAR) reflects the amount that is adequate for ______.
Recommended daily allowance (RDA) for a nutrient is a value that is adequate for THE GREAT MAJORITY OF INDIVIDUALS. The estimated average requirement (EAR) reflects the amount that is adequate for HALF OF THE POPULATION.
Increases in obesity are correlated with an increase in the use of _______.
Increases in obesity are correlated with an increase in the use of HIGH FRUCTOSE CORN SYRUP
_____, _____, and ____ are important regulators of food intake.
LEPTIN, GHRELIN, and INSULIN are important regulators of food intake.
Leptin circulates in the body at levels _______
Leptin circulates in the body at levels PROPORTIONAL TO BODY FAT
_____ levels of _____ activity inhibit energy-utilizing pathways and stimulate energy-generating pathways
HIGH levels of AMPK activity inhibit energy-utilizing pathways and stimulate energy-generating pathways
Protein-calorie malnutrition causes a number of health problems. Name all 12.
Protein-calorie malnutrition causes:
- Decreased protein synthesis
- Decreased Glucose transport
- Decreased Cardiac Function
- Decreased Renal Function
- Compromised Immune Function
- Compromised Wound Healing
- Fatty Liver
- Liver Necrosis
- Liver Fibrosis
- Depression
- Hypothermia
- Loss of Muscle
Trans fats increase levels of ____ and lower levels of ____, thus increasing the risk of coronary heart disease.
Trans fats increase levels of LDL and lower levels of HDL (good cholesterol), thus increasing the risk of coronary heart disease.
_____ and _____ regulare AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) that senses cellular ______.
AMP and AMP/ATP regulate AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) that senses cellular ENERGY LEVELS
Ghrelin favors accumulation of ____ in the visceral _____.
Ghrelin favors accumulation of LIPIDS in the visceral FATTY TISSUE
Saturated fats increase levels of ______
Saturated fats increase levels of LDL CHOLESTEROL (bad cholesterol)
High fructose corn syrup is made by breaking down ___ into ____ with amylase, followed by conversion of fructose with _______.
High fructose corn syrup is made by breaking down CORNSTARCH into GLUCOSE with amylase, followed by conversion of fructose with GLUCOSE ISOMERASE.
_______ signals the brain that the body has had enough to eat, or satiety.
LEPTIN signals the brain that the body has had enough to eat, or satiety.
Name the 8 factors that contribute to the state of nutrition.
State of Nutrition factors include: C GAME DAD
- Customs
- Genotype
- Availability of food
- Metabolism
- Energy Expenditure
- Digestion
- Appetite
- Disease
Estimated average requirements for calories and for protein vary with ____ and ____
Estimated average requirements for calories and for protein vary with AGE and SEX
Name 8 conditions associated with Obesity
8 conditions associated with obesity:
- Type 2 Diabetes
- Hypertension
- Stroke
- Dyslipidemia
- Gall stones
- Respiratory disorders
- Musculoskeletal disorders
- Cancer (incl. breast, endometrial, ovarial, gall bladder, and colon)
The ideal amount of calorie intake in a day is equal to the _______
The ideal amount of calorie intake in a day is equal to the CALORIE UTILIZATION FOR THAT DAY
Increased _____ increases appetite.
Increased GHRELIN increases appetite
Different nutrients have different energy content. ____ has the highest energy per weight. Alcohol has a _____-energy content.
Different nutrients have different energy content. FAT has the highest energy per weight. Alcohol has a HIGH-energy content.
______ regulates rate-limiting enzymes in energy-producing and energy-using pathways
AMPK regulates rate-limiting enzymes in energy-producing and energy-using pathways.
Adipose tissue produces _____ that regulate _______ processes to meet the body’s needs.
Adipose tissue produces ADIPOKINES that regulate METABOLIC processes to meet the body’s needs.
______ are not essential and provide no benefit to human health
TRANS FATTY ACIDS are not essential and provide no benefit to human health.
Name the 6 potential health issues associated with consumption of high-fructose corn syrup.
Health issues assoc. w/ high fructose corn syrup: 1. Hg exposure 2. Hypertension 3. Weight gain/obesity 4. Elevated cholesterol 5. Long-term liver damage 6. Diabetes (HH WELD)
