Leys Exam 4 Nutrition Flashcards
Recommended daily allowance (RDA) for a nutrient is a value that is adequate for _______. The estimated average requirement (EAR) reflects the amount that is adequate for ______.
Recommended daily allowance (RDA) for a nutrient is a value that is adequate for THE GREAT MAJORITY OF INDIVIDUALS. The estimated average requirement (EAR) reflects the amount that is adequate for HALF OF THE POPULATION.
Increases in obesity are correlated with an increase in the use of _______.
Increases in obesity are correlated with an increase in the use of HIGH FRUCTOSE CORN SYRUP
_____, _____, and ____ are important regulators of food intake.
LEPTIN, GHRELIN, and INSULIN are important regulators of food intake.
Leptin circulates in the body at levels _______
Leptin circulates in the body at levels PROPORTIONAL TO BODY FAT
_____ levels of _____ activity inhibit energy-utilizing pathways and stimulate energy-generating pathways
HIGH levels of AMPK activity inhibit energy-utilizing pathways and stimulate energy-generating pathways
Protein-calorie malnutrition causes a number of health problems. Name all 12.
Protein-calorie malnutrition causes:
- Decreased protein synthesis
- Decreased Glucose transport
- Decreased Cardiac Function
- Decreased Renal Function
- Compromised Immune Function
- Compromised Wound Healing
- Fatty Liver
- Liver Necrosis
- Liver Fibrosis
- Depression
- Hypothermia
- Loss of Muscle
Trans fats increase levels of ____ and lower levels of ____, thus increasing the risk of coronary heart disease.
Trans fats increase levels of LDL and lower levels of HDL (good cholesterol), thus increasing the risk of coronary heart disease.
_____ and _____ regulare AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) that senses cellular ______.
AMP and AMP/ATP regulate AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) that senses cellular ENERGY LEVELS
Ghrelin favors accumulation of ____ in the visceral _____.
Ghrelin favors accumulation of LIPIDS in the visceral FATTY TISSUE
Saturated fats increase levels of ______
Saturated fats increase levels of LDL CHOLESTEROL (bad cholesterol)
High fructose corn syrup is made by breaking down ___ into ____ with amylase, followed by conversion of fructose with _______.
High fructose corn syrup is made by breaking down CORNSTARCH into GLUCOSE with amylase, followed by conversion of fructose with GLUCOSE ISOMERASE.
_______ signals the brain that the body has had enough to eat, or satiety.
LEPTIN signals the brain that the body has had enough to eat, or satiety.
Name the 8 factors that contribute to the state of nutrition.
State of Nutrition factors include: C GAME DAD
- Customs
- Genotype
- Availability of food
- Metabolism
- Energy Expenditure
- Digestion
- Appetite
- Disease
Estimated average requirements for calories and for protein vary with ____ and ____
Estimated average requirements for calories and for protein vary with AGE and SEX
Name 8 conditions associated with Obesity
8 conditions associated with obesity:
- Type 2 Diabetes
- Hypertension
- Stroke
- Dyslipidemia
- Gall stones
- Respiratory disorders
- Musculoskeletal disorders
- Cancer (incl. breast, endometrial, ovarial, gall bladder, and colon)