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Biochem 6200 Furci > Furci > Flashcards

Furci Flashcards

1
Q

In Carnatine Shuttle, Fatty acyl-CoA is too _____ and _____ to penetrate the _____ membrane

A

Large
Polar
Inner

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2
Q

In Carnatine Shuttle, FA is transferred from CoA to ______ by _________ in the _______ membrane

A

Carnatine
Carnatine palmitoyl transferase I (CPT-I)
Outer

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3
Q

In carnatine shuttle, _______ translocase in inner membrane transfers free ______ and __________ in opposite directions

A

Antiport
Carnatine
Acyl-carnitine

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4
Q

In carnatine shuttle, ______ regenerates fatty ________, releasing carnatine

A

CPT-II

Acyl-CoA

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5
Q

Where does B-oxidation of fatty acids occur?

A

In the mitochondria

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6
Q

In B-Oxidation, carbons are released ____ at a time from the ______ end

A

2

Carboxyl

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7
Q

During B-oxidation of Saturated EVEN chain fatty acids, produces ________ and ______ and _______

A

Acetyl-CoA
FADH2
NADH

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8
Q

Where do the products of B-oxidation of EVEN chain fatty acids go?

A

Acetyl-CoA goes to the TCA cycle

FADH2 and NADH go to the ETC

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9
Q

What are the 4 steps of B-oxidation of saturated EVEN chain fatty acids

A
  1. Dehydrogenation
  2. Hydration (reduction)
  3. Dehydrogenation
  4. Carbon-Carbon clevage
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10
Q

What is the function of the family of enzymes known as Fatty Acid Dehydrogenase?

A

Chain-length specificity for short, medium, and long chain fatty acids

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11
Q

What types of FA undergo B-oxidation in the peroxisomes?

A

Long, very long, and branched chain FAs

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12
Q

What is the name of the family enzyme that allows for B-oxidation in peroxisomes?

A

Peroxisomal Enzymes

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13
Q

Peroxisomal enzymes cannot oxidize what types of FAs

A

Short-chain

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14
Q

The reduced nucleotide, ______, that is produced during B-oxidation in peroxisomes, is oxidized by molecular oxygen to produce ________.

A

FADH2

H2O2

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15
Q

Describe the geometry changes which occur during B-oxidation of UNsaturated even chain FAs

A

Double bonds have CIS geometry that must be changed to TRANS geometry

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16
Q

B-oxidation of Saturated ODD chain FAs is just like that of EVEN chained FAs except for what?

A

Acetyl-CoA AND PROPINOYL-CoA (by last thiolase reaction) are BOTH released

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17
Q

For oxidation of Branched chain FAs, the B-carbon is at the ______ point and cannot be oxidized to a ______

A

Branch

Ketone

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18
Q

During oxidation of Branched Chain FAs, they must ungergo ____-oxidation to ____ _____ releasing _______

A

alpha
pristanic acid
CO2

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19
Q

Following the release of CO2 during a-oxidation of Branch Chain FAs, the is a subsequent _______ release of _______ and ________

A

Alternating
Acetyl-CoA
Propinyl-CoA

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20
Q

Ketogenesis is the generation of _____ ______ from ________

A

Ketone bodies

Acetyl-CoA

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21
Q

During Ketogenesis, there is a _______ in blood plasma during times of _______ and _________

A

Increase
Fasting
Starvation

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22
Q

Ketogenesis releases free _____ for _________

A

CoA

B-oxidation

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23
Q

In ketogenesis, there is the bothe the synthesis, as well as the decomposition of _________

A

Hydroxymethylglutaryl (HMG)-CoA

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24
Q

During Ketogenesis, what three products are made?

A

Acetoacetate
B-Hydroxybutyrate
Acetone

25
What is another name for Lipogenesis
Fatty Acid Synthesis
26
What are the 2 sources of Fatty Acids
Diet | De novo synthesis (lipogenesis)
27
When is Lipogenesis (FA synthesis) active?
During times of excess energy intake (eg carbohydrates)
28
FA synthesis is linked to Glucose Metabolism through what?
Pentose Phosphate Pathway
29
During lipogenesis (FA synthesis), carbohydrates are converted to ______ _____ in the _____, and are stored as ______ in the _____ ______
Fatty acids Liver Triglycerides Adipose Tissue
30
_____ (NOT _____ _______) is the main lipogenic organ
Liver | Adipose Tissue
31
During lipogenesis (FA synthesis), FA are synthesized from _____ in _____ number of stages: ________ and _______
Acetyl-CoA 2 Formation and Elongation
32
During the first stage of Lipogenesis, we see the formation of _______ from acetyl-CoA by the enzyme _______
Malonyl-CoA | Acetyl-CoA corboxylase
33
During the second stage of Lipogenesis, we see the elongation in ____-carbon increments by the enzyme _______
2 | Fatty Acid Synthase
34
During lipogenesis, acetyl-CoA Carboxylase requires what helper?
Carboxylated Biotin
35
During lipogenesis, the enzyme ________ functions to transfer a carboxyl group to _______ to produce ________
Transcarboxylase Acetyl-CoA Malonyl-CoA
36
During lipogenesis, Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase requires ______/_______ (from TCA cycle) for polymerization to active form
Citrate/Isocitrate
37
In lipogenesis, Acetyl-CoA caboxylase is inhibited by ___________, which is its ________
Polmitoyl-CoA | end-product
38
In lipogenesis, caboxylation of Acetyl-CoA to ______ commits to ____ _____ _____
Malonyl-CoA | Fatty Acid Synthesis
39
What enzyme playing a central role in the 2nd step (elongation) of FA synthesis
Fatty Acid Synthase
40
In the elongation step of lipogenesis, the multienzyme complex is a _____ of identical polypeptides arranged _____-__-_____
Dimer | Head-to-Tail
41
In the elongation step of lipogenesis, the multienzyme complex has _____ distinct enzyme activities (on each monomer) and an ____ ____ _____ that replaces CoA as the entity binds to the _______ _____ ______ _____
7 Acyl Carrier Protein (ACP) Elongating Fatty Acid Chain
42
In the elongation step of lipogenesis, a long ______ group acts as a long flexible arm
Pantetheine
43
During the elongation step of lipogenesis, the priming of ______ group with Acetyl-CoA is followed by ________ with Malonyl-CoA, causing ______ to leave
Cysteine (Cys-SH) Condensation CO2
44
What are the three processes that occur during the elongation stage of FA synthesis
Reduction, Dehydration, Reduction
45
During the elongation step of lipogenesis (FA synthesis), the complex is transfered from ____ to ______
ACP | Cys-SH group
46
How many times is the elongation stage reaction sequence repeated?
7x total
47
What is the greatest size of fatty acid molecule that can be made during the elongation stage of Fatty Acid synthesis?
16- carbons, Palmitate
48
What is the role of Fatty Acid Elongase in the elongation of fatty acids
In the ER, elongation is carried out by fatty acid elongase (multienzyme complex)
49
The enzyme Fatty Acid Elongase adds ___-carbon fragments from ______ during the elongation phase of fatty acid synthesis
2 | malonyl-CoA
50
In the Desaturase System of Fatty Acid Synthesis, desaturation requires _____, _____, and ______.
Oxygen NADH cytochrome b5
51
Where does the Desaturase System occur during fatty acid synthesis
ER
52
In the desaturase system of fatty acid synthesis, it is not possible to introduce double bonds between carbon atoms beyond _______-__ and the __
carbon-9 | w (omega) = terminal methyl group
53
w-3 (linolenic acid) and w-6 (linoleic acid) or precursors, must be supplied by _____ for the synthesis of ________
Diet (vegetable oil, oily fish) | Eicosanoids (C-20 fatty acids)
54
What is the purpose of the Malate Shuttle
Because Acetyl-CoA cannot freely cross the inner mitochondrial membrane, and fatty acid synthesis only will occur in the cytosol, the malate shuttle is needed to allow transfer or 2-carbon units from the mitochondria to the cytosol
55
In the 1st step of the Malate Shuttle, ________ is decarboxylated to _______ in mitochondria
Pyruvate | Acetyl-CoA
56
In the 2nd step of the Malate Shuttle, acetyl-CoA reacts with oxaloacetate to form ______ in the mitochondria
Citrate
57
In the 3rd step of the Malate Shuttle, Citrate translocates to the cytosol via the _____-______ _______ with the transfer of ______ into the mitochondrion
malate-citrate antiporter | Malate
58
In the 4th step of Malate Shuttle, citrate is cleaved into ______ and ______ in cytosol
Acetyl-CoA | Oxaloacetate
59
In the final step of the Malate Shuttle, the enzyme _______ converts acetyl-CoA into ________ for the synthesis of fatty acids
Acetyl-CoA carboxylase | Malonyl-CoA

Biochem 6200 Furci (8 decks)

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