Lexis

Question 1

Define positive reinforcement

Answer 1

Also known as expressives, this is where a caregiver uses positive wording to encourage a child’s learning, e.g. ‘very good’ and ‘well done.’ It is a form of operant conditioning.

Question 2

Define negative reinforcement

Answer 2

This is where a caregiver will correct a child to help them learn, in the hopes that the child will then imitate this behaviour. This is another form of operant conditioning.

Question 3

Define operant conditioning

Answer 3

Where a child tries out all sorts of utterances and is conditioned to repeat certain language patterns through positive and negative reinforcement.

Question 4

Define child-directed speech

Answer 4

This is a form of caregiver language that involves caregivers accommodating towards the way a child will speak.

Question 5

Define expansion

Answer 5

This is the process of adding more to the content present, e.g. adding to their declarative sentences

Question 6

Define recasting

Answer 6

This is changing the form of the content, e.g. adding in a negative particle or changing the sentence into a question - a form of negative reinforcement.

Question 7

Define classification

Answer 7

Understanding categories. E.g. In a farm animal classification, you will have cow, sheep, pig, goat etc.