Lewis and Clark- Second Great Awakening

Question 1

Lewis and Clark Expedition

Answer 1

• Thomas Jefferson wanted area mapped and explored
• Chose Meriwether Lewis and William Clark
• Took 2 years, traveled all the way to the Pacific Ocean
• brought maps, journals, information

Question 2

Manifest Destiny

Answer 2

• 1800s
• people believed it was God’s will that they expand west
• rapid and relentless expansion brought conflict with Native Americans, Great Britain, Spain, Mexico

Question 3

Mexican-American War

Answer 3

-1846- 1848
- America acquired Texas, California, American Southwest
-conflict over Oregon, US boundary south of 49th parallel
- 1821- Mexico revolted and gained freedom from Spain
- 1836- Texas gained independence following a revolt
- 1844- Tyler pressured to annex Texas, became state the next year
- During the war for independence, Mex. incurred 4.5M of debt from U.S.
-Polk said would trade for New Mex. and Upper Cali- Mexico said no
1846- war declared when Mexicans attacked American troops at Texas border, as well as Wilmot Proviso

Question 4

What did the Wilmot Proviso decalre?

Answer 4

Any territory the US acquired from Mexico should be legally open to slavery

Question 5

Gasden Purchase

Answer 5

• second treaty in 1853 determined Southern border, as far as West coast
• 1854, provided even more territory to aid in the building of the transcontinental railroad
• added Cali, Nevada, Utah, portions of New Mexico, Wyoming, Colorado, Arizona

Question 6

American System

Answer 6

• Spurred by trade conflicts of 1812
• Supported by Henry Clay
• set up tariffs to help protect American interests from competition with products from overseas
• led to growth in employment, overall increase in American industry, funds for various improvements

Question 7

Jacksonian Democracy

Answer 7

• shifts from politics favoring the wealthy to politics favoring the common man
• all free white men given right to vote
• spurred the patronage system, Laissez-faire economics, relocation of Indian tribes to from Southeast portion of US

Question 8

5 anti-slavery organizations

Answer 8

• American Colonization Society- protestant churches, returning slaves to Africa, formation of Liberia
• American Anti-Slavery Society- William Lloyd Garrison, Quaker, The Liberator newspaper
• Female Anti-Slavery Society- women-only group formed by Margaretta Forten whose father was Garrison
• Anti-Slavery Convention of American Women- continued meeting even after pro-slavery fuckos burned down their meeting place
• Female Vigilant Society- raised funds to help the Underground Railroad, as well as slave refugees

Question 9

Early education

Answer 9

• Horace Mann
• public schooling could help children become better people
• Common School Journal
• increase literacy
• by end of 1800s, all children had acces to free public elementary education

Question 10

Early transportation

Answer 10

• roads and railroads
• Transcontinental Railroad
• Canals and steamboats
• Erie canal (1825) connected Great Lakes with Hudson River
• Wagon trails (oregon trail, cali trail, santa fe trail) for prairie schooners

Question 11

18th Century Major Inventions

Answer 11

• factories

- cotton gin (decreased processing time of cotton and was a major factor in the rapid expansion of cotton in South)

Question 12

Labor Movements of the 18th Century

Answer 12

• 1715- Bakers stopped baking bread
• 1830s and 1840s, Boston’s masons, carpenters, and stoneworkers protested length of workday, fighting to reduce it to 10 hours
• 1844- women fighting in the textile industry, formed Lowell Female Labor Reform Association

Question 13

Second Great Awakening

Answer 13

• Protestant evangelical leaders between 1800-1830
• formed the American Home Missionary Society in 1826
• focus on personal responsibility
• American Bible Society and the American Tract Society provided literature
• rise of the Latter Day Saints, Seventh-Day Adventists
• temperance movement- ending production and use of alcohol- Society for the Promotion of Tempereance (1826)