Federalist and Antifederalist Camps- Monroe Doctrine

Question 1

Major Federalist leaders

Answer 1

• Alexander Hamilton
• John Jay
• James Madison

Question 2

What were the Federalist papers?

Answer 2

Series of letters to convince states to ratify Constitution- published in New York newspapers

Question 3

Antifederalist leaders

Answer 3

• Thomas Jefferson

- John Henry

Question 4

What did Antifederalist leaders create?

Answer 4

Antifederalist papers that argued against the Constitution as it was originally drafted

Question 5

What was the final compromise between Fed/Antifed?

Answer 5

• strong cental gov controlled by checks and balances

- Bill of Rights added as 1st 10 amendments to Constitution

Question 6

Admin of the New Government

Answer 6

• George Washingston- first President in 1789
• John Adams- Vice President
• Thomas Jefferson- Sec. of State
• Alexander Hamilton- Sec. of Treasury

Question 7

Lead up to Alien and Sedition Acts

Answer 7

John Adams was president- war b/t England and France- Adams & Feds backed England, Jefferson and Republicans backed France- US nearly went to war with France- France trying to spread with Napolean-

Question 8

Alien and Sedition Acts

Answer 8

Illegal to speak poorly about current government, allowed president to deport any non-U.S. citizen and who was suspected of treason

Question 9

What happened to these acts?

Answer 9

Jefferson repealed in 1800, pardoned anyone who had been convicted under them

Question 10

The differences of opinions between _________ and _________ led to creation of ___________

Answer 10

Thomas Jefferson, Alexander Hamilton, political parties

Question 11

What did Hamilton favor?

Answer 11

Hamilton favored a stronger central government, flexible approach to Constition, backers referred to themselves as Federalists

Question 12

What did Jefferson favor?

Answer 12

Power with the states- strict Consti. interpretation, identified as Democratic- Republicans

Question 13

Fall of the Federalist party?

Answer 13

Jefferson elected again in 1804, Alexander Hamilton died in a duel with Aaron Burr that same year- By 1816, the party disappeared

Question 14

Whigs

Answer 14

John Quincy Adams- 1824

Question 15

New Democratic Party

Answer 15

• Andrew Jackson- elected in 1828

Question 16

Demo/Repub split

Answer 16

1850s- created Repub. party who opposed slavery- Dems favored- basis of today’s two party system

Question 17

Marbury vs. Madison

Answer 17

• Established Supreme Court as judicial review- John Adams voted out in 1800, tried to appoint Fed. judges to Sup. Court positions as late as March 3 at midnight, the day before Jefferson was to take office- last appointment was William Marbury- Jefferson ordered Sec. of States James Madison not to give commission to Marbury- decision backed by Chief Justice Marshall, who said that the Judiciary Act of 1789 was illegal because it have the Judicial Branch powers not guaranteed in Constitution

Question 18

Mulloch vs. Maryland

Answer 18

Congress chartered national bank, Second Bank of United States- Maryland voted to tax any bank business dealing with banks chartered outside of state, including federally chartered banks- Andrew Mulloch, employee of SBOUS in Baltimore, refused to pay tax, went to SCOTUS- Marshall said Congress was within rights to charter a national bank and that Maryland did not have power to levy a tax on a federal bank

Question 19

Treaty of Paris

Answer 19

• outlined terms of surrender of the British
• granted large parcels of land to US that were occupied by N.A.
• New gov. attempted to claim land, proved unenforceable
• tried to purchase the lands via a series of treatie, but treaties weren’t honored and N.A. were forced to dislocate & move farther west

Question 20

Indian Removal Act of 1830

Answer 20

• gave new American gov. power to form treaties with Native Americans
• America could claim land east of Miss. in exchange for land west of Miss. so natives could relocate

Question 21

Treaty of New Echota

Answer 21

• treaty between gov. and Cherokee tribes in Georgia
• not signed by tribal leaders, just by reps
• refused to be removed
• Martin Van Buren sent soldiers to enforce
• 4,000 Cherokee forced to walk the Trail of Tears

Question 22

Louisiana Purchase

Answer 22

• Napoleon decided to sell Louisiana territory to US
• Jefferson wanted to buy New Orleans because trade was vulnerable to France and Spain at that port
• Nap. sold entire territory for $15M
• became 15 additional states
• Federalists opposed because slavery would expand

Question 23

3 major ideas driving early foreign policy

Answer 23

• Isolationism- did not intend to establish colonies, but wanted to grow within N. Amer
• No entangling alliances- GW and TJ opposed to permanent alliances with other countries
• Nationalism- positive patriotic feeling, especially after War of 1812

Question 24

How was the War of 1812 started?

Answer 24

• continuing tension between France and Great Britain: Napoleon kept trying to conquer while US continued trade with both countries
• Britain saw this as an alliance with France and wanted to end trade with both countries, France did the same
• James Madison said, “Whoever gives in first gets our trade back.” France won and England was pissed

Question 25

What positive came out of the War of 1812?

Answer 25

• superiority of US naval forces

- reestablished independence from Britain and Europe

Question 26

2 Major Objections to Trade with France

Answer 26

• US helping war efforts in France by providing supplies and goods
• US had grown into a competitor, taking trade and money away from British shops and tradesmen

Question 27

British response to trade with France

Answer 27

Orders in Council- any and all French-owned ports were off-limits to American ships- seize American ships- conscript their crews

Question 28

2 major naval events

Answer 28

Battles at Lake Erie and Lake Champlain stopped Britain from taking US from Canada

Question 29

Treaty of Ghent

Answer 29

ended the war of 1812- December 24, 1814

Question 30

Monroe Doctrine

Answer 30

• 12/2/1823
• Monroe delivered a message to Congress
• any attempts by foreign powers to establish new colonies would be considered interference in American politics