Federalist and Antifederalist Camps- Monroe Doctrine Flashcards
Major Federalist leaders
- Alexander Hamilton
- John Jay
- James Madison
What were the Federalist papers?
Series of letters to convince states to ratify Constitution- published in New York newspapers
Antifederalist leaders
- Thomas Jefferson
- John Henry
What did Antifederalist leaders create?
Antifederalist papers that argued against the Constitution as it was originally drafted
What was the final compromise between Fed/Antifed?
- strong cental gov controlled by checks and balances
- Bill of Rights added as 1st 10 amendments to Constitution
Admin of the New Government
- George Washingston- first President in 1789
- John Adams- Vice President
- Thomas Jefferson- Sec. of State
- Alexander Hamilton- Sec. of Treasury
Lead up to Alien and Sedition Acts
John Adams was president- war b/t England and France- Adams & Feds backed England, Jefferson and Republicans backed France- US nearly went to war with France- France trying to spread with Napolean-
Alien and Sedition Acts
Illegal to speak poorly about current government, allowed president to deport any non-U.S. citizen and who was suspected of treason
What happened to these acts?
Jefferson repealed in 1800, pardoned anyone who had been convicted under them
The differences of opinions between _________ and _________ led to creation of ___________
Thomas Jefferson, Alexander Hamilton, political parties
What did Hamilton favor?
Hamilton favored a stronger central government, flexible approach to Constition, backers referred to themselves as Federalists
What did Jefferson favor?
Power with the states- strict Consti. interpretation, identified as Democratic- Republicans
Fall of the Federalist party?
Jefferson elected again in 1804, Alexander Hamilton died in a duel with Aaron Burr that same year- By 1816, the party disappeared
Whigs
John Quincy Adams- 1824
New Democratic Party
- Andrew Jackson- elected in 1828
Demo/Repub split
1850s- created Repub. party who opposed slavery- Dems favored- basis of today’s two party system
Marbury vs. Madison
- Established Supreme Court as judicial review- John Adams voted out in 1800, tried to appoint Fed. judges to Sup. Court positions as late as March 3 at midnight, the day before Jefferson was to take office- last appointment was William Marbury- Jefferson ordered Sec. of States James Madison not to give commission to Marbury- decision backed by Chief Justice Marshall, who said that the Judiciary Act of 1789 was illegal because it have the Judicial Branch powers not guaranteed in Constitution
Mulloch vs. Maryland
Congress chartered national bank, Second Bank of United States- Maryland voted to tax any bank business dealing with banks chartered outside of state, including federally chartered banks- Andrew Mulloch, employee of SBOUS in Baltimore, refused to pay tax, went to SCOTUS- Marshall said Congress was within rights to charter a national bank and that Maryland did not have power to levy a tax on a federal bank
Treaty of Paris
- outlined terms of surrender of the British
- granted large parcels of land to US that were occupied by N.A.
- New gov. attempted to claim land, proved unenforceable
- tried to purchase the lands via a series of treatie, but treaties weren’t honored and N.A. were forced to dislocate & move farther west
Indian Removal Act of 1830
- gave new American gov. power to form treaties with Native Americans
- America could claim land east of Miss. in exchange for land west of Miss. so natives could relocate
Treaty of New Echota
- treaty between gov. and Cherokee tribes in Georgia
- not signed by tribal leaders, just by reps
- refused to be removed
- Martin Van Buren sent soldiers to enforce
- 4,000 Cherokee forced to walk the Trail of Tears
Louisiana Purchase
- Napoleon decided to sell Louisiana territory to US
- Jefferson wanted to buy New Orleans because trade was vulnerable to France and Spain at that port
- Nap. sold entire territory for $15M
- became 15 additional states
- Federalists opposed because slavery would expand
3 major ideas driving early foreign policy
- Isolationism- did not intend to establish colonies, but wanted to grow within N. Amer
- No entangling alliances- GW and TJ opposed to permanent alliances with other countries
- Nationalism- positive patriotic feeling, especially after War of 1812
How was the War of 1812 started?
- continuing tension between France and Great Britain: Napoleon kept trying to conquer while US continued trade with both countries
- Britain saw this as an alliance with France and wanted to end trade with both countries, France did the same
- James Madison said, “Whoever gives in first gets our trade back.” France won and England was pissed
