Higher Taxes after FIW-Coercive Acts Flashcards
3 Reasons British need $$
pay war debt- funds for defense- govern 33 seperate colonies, including America
Triangular Trade
Began in colonies, ships to Africa with rum- rum traded for gold/slaves- to the W. Indies trading slaves for sugar, molasses, money- returned to colonies with molasses/sugar for more rum
Why act did Triangular Trade violate?
The Molasses Act of 1733, which said that colonists had to pay high taxes to Britain on mol. from Fre., Dut., and Span.
What is salutary neglect?
policy of the British government from the early to mid-18th century regarding its North American colonies under which trade regulations for the colonies were laxly enforced and imperial supervision of internal colonial affairs was loose as long as the colonies remained loyal to the British government and contributed to the economic profitability of Britain.
Describe early government in the colonies
British ruled over international issues, but colonists were allowed to rule on local issues- creation of small government and growing sense of independence
Quartering Act
1765- provide accomodations and supplies for Br. troops- cannot settle west of Appal.
Sugar Act
1764- taxes on molasses and the right to search homes of anyone thought violating
Stamp Act
1765- tax on printed materials- newspapers, legal docs- included Declaratory Act (Parliment could govern colonies)
Townshend Acts
1767- paper, paint, lead, tea- emergence of leaders and protests, like Samuel and John Adams
Boston Massacre
Effect of Stamp Act- 9 colonies met to repeal- after Townshend Act, British sent troops- March 5 1770- 5 dead, 8 injured- repealed Townshend Acts
Tea Act
1773- East India Company to sell tea for much lower prices and bypass American distributors, selling directly to shopkeepers
Boston Tea Party
December 1773, 150 merchants boarded shops and dumped 342 chests of tea into the sea
Coercive Acts
1774- Shut down ports in Boston until value of tea was paid pack- local gov. officials in Mass. were appointed, not elected, trials of B. soldiers were in Britain, locals provide lodging for B. soldiers
Coercive Acts led to assembly of __________.
12 of 13 colonies gathered- First Continental Congress in Philly on September 5, 1774
Goals of Continental Congress?
peaceful agreement with Brit.
What were their demands?
loyalty to Brit and power of Parliment in foreign affairs, but Intolerable Acts be repealed and instituted a trade embargo
What was the response to these demands?
George III said “submit or face military action.” End assemblies, but assemblies gathered weapons-
First battle of American Revolution
April 19, 1775- British sent to break up assembly, battle on Lexington Common- “Battle of Lexington and Concord”
Second Continental Congress
Philly, May 10, 1775. Topics: Defense, war, local government, declaring independence, established army, named Washington president (June 15), drafted Declaration of Independence (July 4)
Lexington and Concord
April 1775, first engagement
Bunker Hill
June 1775, bloody, 1/2 British army lost, by August American in state of rebellion (colonies lost)
Trenton, New Jersey
1st colonial victory, Washington crossed Deleware on Christmas Day, 1776, surprise attack on Brit. and Hessian troops
Battle of Saratoga
June 14, 1777- October 1777, ended a plan to seperate N col. from S. colon. – Brit. general John Burgoyne surrendered and led to France becoming American allies
Battle of Yorktown
October 19, 1781- Cornwallis surrendered- end of war
