LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION AND DIVISONS OF ABDOMEN Flashcards
What is the sagittal plane?
Plane running down the middle of the body and dividing the body into right and left sections
The sagittal plane is also known as the median plane.
What is the coronal plane?
Plane dividing the body into anterior and posterior sections
The coronal plane is also referred to as the frontal plane.
What is the transverse plane?
Plane dividing the body into superior and inferior sections
The transverse plane is also known as the horizontal plane.
What is the transpyloric plane?
The superior transverse plane used in the 9 abdominal region system
The transpyloric plane typically passes through the pylorus of the stomach.
What is the transtubercular plane?
The inferior transverse plane used in the 9 abdominal region system
The transtubercular plane is also known as the intertubercular plane.
What does the term epigastric mean?
Term that means above the stomach
The epigastric region is located above the umbilical region.
What does the term hypochondriac refer to?
Term used in the 9 abdominal regions to identify structures superior and lateral to the stomach
The hypochondriac regions are located on both sides of the epigastric region.
What does lumbar mean?
Term meaning the region of the low back and also used in the 9 abdominal region system for describing the location of structures lateral to the umbilicus
The lumbar regions are located on either side of the umbilical region.
What is the umbilicus?
The naval which indicates the center of the abdomen
The umbilicus is also known as the belly button.
What does the term iliac mean?
Term meaning the lower lateral abdominal regions
The iliac regions are located on either side of the hypogastric region.
What does inguinal refer to?
Term sometimes used in the 9 abdominal regions indicating the lower lateral abdomen
The inguinal regions are often associated with the groin area.
What does the term hypogastric mean?
Term meaning below the stomach
The hypogastric region is located below the umbilical region.
What are the levels of complexity in the human body from lowest to highest?
Atom, Molecule, Cell, Organ, Organ System, Organism (human body)
These levels represent the hierarchical organization of biological structures.
What is a plane in anatomical terms?
A 2-dimensional object that can divide the body into 2 sections
Anatomical planes are important for studying body slices, such as in MRI.
What does the sagittal plane divide?
The body into right and left sections
This plane is crucial for understanding bilateral symmetry in anatomy.
What does the coronal plane divide?
The body into anterior and posterior sections
This plane is also known as the frontal plane.
What does the transverse plane divide?
The body into superior and inferior sections
This plane is essential for cross-sectional imaging.
What are the two methods to divide the abdomen?
4 quadrant method and 9 abdominal regions method
These methods help in locating pain and injuries in the abdominal area.
How does the 4 quadrant method divide the abdomen?
A sagittal and transverse plane intersect at the umbilicus
This creates four quadrants: right upper, left upper, right lower, left lower.
Which organ is located in the right upper quadrant?
Gallbladder
Knowing organ locations can assist in diagnosing abdominal issues.
Which organ is found in the right lower quadrant?
Appendix
This is often associated with appendicitis.
Which organ is located in the left upper quadrant?
Spleen
The spleen plays a role in the immune system and blood filtration.
How many planes are needed to divide the abdomen into 9 equal sections?
Four planes
This includes 2 parasagittal and 2 transverse planes.
What is the superior transverse plane called in the 9 abdominal regions method?
Transpyloric plane
This plane is used for anatomical referencing.
What is the inferior transverse plane called?
Transtubercular plane
This plane helps delineate the lower abdominal regions.
What are the three superior abdominal regions?
Epigastric, right hypochondriac, left hypochondriac
These regions are important for locating upper abdominal issues.
What are the middle abdominal regions?
Umbilical, right lumbar, left lumbar
The umbilical region is often associated with the belly button.
What are the lower abdominal regions?
Hypogastric, right iliac (inguinal), left iliac (inguinal)
These regions are critical for diagnosing lower abdominal pain.
