homeostasis and intro to body systems Flashcards
What is homeostasis?
The ability of a system to maintain a steady state.
Homeostasis is crucial for life, enabling organisms to regulate internal conditions.
What is positive feedback?
A system in which the stimulus and response are the same.
What is negative feedback?
A system in which the stimulus and response are opposite.
How does the body maintain glucose levels?
By monitoring glucose and secreting hormones like insulin (if too high) and glucagon (if too low)
What role does insulin play in glucose regulation?
It lowers blood glucose levels when they are too high.
What role does glucagon play in glucose regulation?
It raises blood glucose levels when they are too low.
What is a feedback mechanism?
A system that regulates substances in the body.
Give an example of negative feedback using a thermostat.
Stimulus = room getting warmer; Response = turn on air conditioner to cool room down.
What happens in the thermostat example when the room gets colder?
Stimulus = room getting colder; Response = turn on furnace to warm room up.
What is an example of positive feedback in the thermostat scenario?
Stimulus = room getting warmer; Response = turn on furnace to make room even warmer.
List the body systems. 13
- Integumentary
- Skeletal
- Muscular
- Nervous
- Endocrine
- Lymphatic
- Immune
- Blood
- Cardiovascular
- Digestive
- Respiratory
- Urinary
- Reproductive
What does the integumentary system consist of?
Hair, skin, nails, sweat and sebaceous glands.
What is the function of the integumentary system?
- Protection of the body
- secretion of waste products,
- production of vitamin D
- regulation of body temperature.
What does the skeletal system consist of?
Bones, ligaments, and cartilage.
What are the functions of the skeletal system?
- Provides protection and support
- Produces red blood cells
- Stores chemical salts
What is the function of the muscular system?
Produces movement, helps maintain posture, and produces heat.
What components make up the nervous system?
Brain, spinal cord, and receptors.
What is the function of the endocrine system?
- Secretes hormones
- contains feedback systems to help maintain homeostasis.
What does the lymphatic system include?
Lymph vessels, lymph nodes, thymus, and spleen.
What is the main function of the lymphatic system?
- Returns blood to tissues,
- transports absorbed food molecules
- defends against infection.
What is the blood composed of?
Cells and plasma.
What does the cardiovascular system include?
Heart, arteries, capillaries, and veins.
What is the function of the respiratory system?
Supplies the body with oxygen and eliminates carbon dioxide.
What components make up the digestive system? 10
- Mouth
- Tongue
- Teeth
- Salivary glands
- Pharynx
- Esophagus
- Liver
- Gallbladder
- Pancreas
- Intestines
What is the function of the digestive system?
Receives, breaks down, and absorbs food; eliminates wastes.
What does the urinary system include?
- Kidneys
- Ureters
- Urinary bladder
- Urethra
What is the function of the urinary system?
Removes wastes, maintains water and electrolyte balance, and stores and transports urine.
What is the main function of the reproductive system?
Passes genetic information down to future generations and produces hormones for maturation.
