axial skeleton pt 1 SKULL Flashcards
Suture
fibrous joint that holds the bones of the skull together
Tubercle
a rounded bump which serve as sites for muscle and ligament attachments
Tuberosity
a rounded bump that has a more gradual slope
Styloid Process
a pointy process
Trochanter
a very large bump found on the femur bones
Condyle
a large rounded process
Foramen
a hole in bones for arteries, veins and nerves
Sinus
a hollow cavity within a bone
The human skeleton is divided into 2 main parts.
Axial skeleton
Appendicular skeleton
The axial skeleton includes
the skull, spine, ribcage, and sacrum
The appendicular skeleton includes
the upper and lower extremities
There are 22 bones in the skull with 8 forming the cranium. The 8 bones of the cranium include
Frontal
Occipital
Right and left Parietals
Right and left Temporals
Sphenoid
Ethmoid
The bones are held together by special joints called
sutures.These joints are considered immovable and are composed of dense fibrous connective tissue.
The sutures include:
sagittal suture
coronal suture
lambdoid suture
squamosus suture
A tubercle is a
rounded bump. Most of these bumps are sites for muscle and ligament attachments.
A tuberosity is
a rounded bump that has a more gradual slope
styloid process
a pointy process.
trochanter
a very large bump. These are found on the femur bones.
condyle
a large rounded process
foramen
a hole for arteries, veins and nerves.
sinus
a hollow cavity within a bone
frontal bone
located on the anterior-superior aspect of the skull. It forms the anterior portion of the cranium and the superior portion of the orbits. It also contains sinuses (frontal sinuses) that secrete mucous to help flush the nasal cavity.
supraorbital margin
Some landmarks on the frontal bone include.
A thickened process above the orbits that helps to protect the eye.
suprorbital foramen
is a passageway for blood vessels supplying the frontal sinus, eyebrow, and eyelid.
parietal bones
are paired bones that form the lateral margins of the cranium.
The occipital bone is located
in the posterior region of the skull.
The occipital bone contains the
foramen magnum which is a passageway for the spinal cord.
The temporal bones are on the
lateral aspect of the skull.
Some important landmarks on temporal bones include the
zygomatic process that forms the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch. It articulates with the temporal process of the zygomatic bone.
The mastoid process is
a site of muscle attachments for some of the neck muscles. It also contains small air cavities called air cells that connect with the middle ear.
The styloid process is
a pointed process that attaches to ligaments that support the hyoid bone.
The external auditory canal is
a tubelike structure that houses structures for the external and middle ear.
The sphenoid bone forms
part of the inferior portion of the cranium.
Some landmarks in Sphenoid include the
sella turcica (Turkish saddle) which is a groove in the central region of the sphenoid. The pituitary gland resides in the sella turcica.
The lesser wings extend
laterally and are anterior to the sella turcica.
The greater wings are lateral to
the sella turcica and form part of the floor of the cranium.
The ethmoid bone is located
in the anterior and medial cranium.
The ethmoid bone also forms
the roof of the nasal cavity and the superior portion of the nasal septum
Ethmoid bone contains sinuses that secrete
mucous to help flush the nasal cavity
Some landmarks in Ethmoid include the
crista galli which is a ridge of bone that extends superiorly. A portion of the membrane that surrounds the brain called the dura mater attaches to this ridge.
The cribriform plate is
a perforated section of bone. Fibers from the olfactory nerve pass through these holes on their way to the frontal lobe of the brain.
The perpendicular plate is
a ridge of bone extending inferiorly and forming the superior portion of the nasal septum.
The maxilla is located
in the anterior aspect of the skull. It is superior to the mandible and inferior to the frontal bone. It forms the upper jaw.
The mandible forms
the lower jaw
Some landmarks include the condyles that form the lateral part of
the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). They articulate with the temporal bone.
The zygomatic bones are located
in the anterior portion of the skull. They connect with the maxilla, frontal and temporal bones and form the cheeks.
Some landmarks include the temporal process is
an extension of bone that connects with the zygomatic process of the temporal bone to form the zygomatic arch.
The palatine bone is
one of the bones that forms the hard palette. It connects with the palatine process of the maxilla to form the posterior portion of the hard palette. It is located between the maxilla and sphenoid bones.
The vomer bone forms
the inferior aspect of the nasal septum. It articulates with the ethmoid, sphenoid, palatines and maxillary bones.
