Levels of Brain Injury- Lecture 14 Flashcards
mild TBI
a temp change in mental status
dazed, confused, or brief LOC (Few sec to min)
mild TBIs account for
85% of TBIs
mild TBI are synonymous w/
concussion
mild TBI tests and scans
appear normal
mild TBIs are
likely undiagnosed or untreated
mild TBI are often
overlooked
when are TBI most often remain undiagnosed
sports events
military
prison
DV shelters
psychiatric or substance abuse centers
mild TBI symptoms
emotional mood swings
decreased concentration and attention span
decreased processing speed
memory problems
nausea
mild
mild TBI symptoms cont
headache
fatigue
sleep disturbance
irritability
sensitivity to noise or light
balance problems
depression and anxiety
Mild TBI def
traumatically induced psychological disruption of brain fxn with at least 1 criteria (other cards)
criteria 1 mild TBI
LOC < 30 min
doesnt have to happen
criteria 2 mild TBI
amnesia < 24 hrs
loss of memory of events immediately before/after injury
criteria 3 mild TBI
AMS at time of injury
criteria 4 mild TBI
focal neurological deficits
temp vision loss
seizure
headache
etc
levels of concussion
grade 1
grade 2
grade 3
grade 1 concussion
concussion transient confusion
no LOC
duration of AMS that resolves in a few days
grade 2 concussion
concussion transient confusion
no LOC
concussion symptoms or AMS
grade 3
concussion longest lasting symptoms
either brief (Seconds) or prolonged (minutes)
sport related TBI
all sports
football players with at least 1 concussion
5%
football injuries with 2nd injury during the same szn
14%
football players involved with LOC
8%
AMS more diagnostic than LOC
how many football players return to play on the same day
30%
moderate TBI
LOC for a few min
confusion lasts from days to weeks
moderate TBI impairments
physical, cognitive, and/or behavioral
lasts for months or are permanent
moderate and severe TBIs together
15% of overall TBIs
severe TBI
prolonged unconscious state lasting days, weeks or months
categories of severe TBI
coma
vegetative state
persistent VS (>30 days)
minimally conscious
akinetic mutism
locked-in syndrome
coma
state of deep unconsciousness
no meaningful response to stimuli
no initiation of voluntary activities
no response of limbs, except for reflex movements
vegetative state
awake
unable to interact w/ environment
someone in a vegetative state may response to
spontaneously or in response to stimulation
vegetative state has
presence of normal respiratory fxns
digestive fxns
persistent vegetative state
> 30 days
minimally consious state
minimally responsive
primitive reflexes
inconsistent ability to follow commands
akinetic mutism
neurobehavioral condition that results in akinesia and mutism
akinetic mutism has presence of
presence of sleep/wake cycles
akinetic mutism is d/t
frontal lobe damage
akinetic mutism has
profound lack of motivation
minimal amount of body mvt, speech, eye opening, visual tracking
infrequent/incomplete ability to follow commands
locked in syndrome
rare neurological disorder characterized by complete paralysis of voluntary muscles in all parts of the body except for those that control eye movement
locked in syndrome is damage to
brainstem
ventral pons
people with locked in syndrome can
think and reason
people with locked in syndrome cannot
speak or move
locked in syndrome has presence of
sleep/wake cycles
how do those with locked in syndrome communicate
vertical eye movements and eye blinking
operate environmental controls
