GCS Scale, Memory and Amnesia

Question 1

GCS scale includes

Answer 1

eye opening

verbal responses

motor responses

Question 2

eye opening grades

Answer 2

1-4

Question 3

eye opening 4

Answer 3

spontaneous

Question 4

eye opening 3

Answer 4

to verbal command

Question 5

eye opening 2

Answer 5

to painful stimulation

Question 6

eye opening 1

Answer 6

no response

Question 7

verbal response grades

Answer 7

1-5

Question 8

verbal response 5

Answer 8

oriented and converses

Question 9

verbal response 4

Answer 9

disoriented and converses

Question 10

verbal response 3

Answer 10

inappropriate words

Question 11

verbal response 2

Answer 11

incomprehensible sounds

Question 12

verbal response 1

Answer 12

no response

Question 13

motor response grades

Answer 13

1-6

Question 14

motor response 6

Answer 14

obeys verbal commands

Question 15

motor response 5

Answer 15

localizes to pain

Question 16

motor response 4

Answer 16

withdraws from pain

Question 17

motor response 3

Answer 17

decorticate rigidity (flexion)

Question 18

motor response 2

Answer 18

decerebrate rigidity (extension)

Question 19

motor response 1

Answer 19

no response

Question 20

motor response 1

Answer 20

no response

Question 21

memory

Answer 21

ability to register, store and ultimately retrieve the info

Question 22

temporal classification –> memory

Answer 22

immediate –> within minutes

short term –> minutes to hours

long term –> days, months, years

Question 23

declarative memory

Answer 23

explicit

Question 24

types of declarative memory

Answer 24

episodic

semantic

Question 25

episodic

Answer 25

experiences specific to a context time or place

Question 26

semantic

Answer 26

fact-based knowledge independent of context

Question 27

location of declarative memory

Answer 27

medial temporal lobe hippocampus amygdala thalamus prefrontal cortex

Question 28

memory centers declarative memory

Answer 28

very close together easy to destroy these memory centers with a single dz

Question 29

procedural memory

Answer 29

implicit, automatic, skill acquisition

Question 30

examples of procedural memory

Answer 30

riding a bike playing the piano getting out of bed walking dressing etc.

Question 31

what does procedural memory do

Answer 31

increase many of the fxnal activities we could do in rehab

Question 32

location of procedural memory

Answer 32

basal ganglia cerebellum primary motor cortex premotor cortex supplemental motor areas )SMA)

Question 33

can the procedural memory centers be wiped out by a single dz

Answer 33

no spread out enough

Question 34

anterograde memory

Answer 34

from time of injury forward (future)

Question 35

anterograde amnesia

Answer 35

loss or disturbance of memory for events that occur after an event inability to remember events that occur after the brain injury

Question 36

retrograde memory

Answer 36

from time of injury backwards past

Question 37

retrograde amnesia

Answer 37

loss or disturbance of memory for events that occurred before and event inability to remember events that occurred before the brain injury

Question 38

post-traumatic amnesia

Answer 38

inability to form consistent day-to-day memories

Question 39

"eternal now"

Answer 39

many range from minutes to hours

Question 40

when is a person determined to be "out of PTA"

Answer 40

when they can give a clear, accurate and ordered account of what is happening around them & can maintain episodic memory from day to day

Question 41

what does PTA also measure

Answer 41

severity of TBI

Question 42

longer duration of PTA correlates w/

Answer 42

longer period to recovery

Question 43

what may PTA not be reliable for

Answer 43

outcomes d/t factors influencing accurate measure of PTA

Question 44

PTA <5 min

Answer 44

very mild

Question 45

PTA 5-60 min

Answer 45

mild

Question 46

PTA 1-24 hrs

Answer 46

moderate

Question 47

PTA 1-7 days

Answer 47

severe

Question 48

PTA 1-4 weeks

Answer 48

very severe

Question 49

PTA >4 wks

Answer 49

extremely severe

Question 50

duration of PTA correlates well w/

Answer 50

GCS score

Question 51

how long does PTA occur

Answer 51

4 times longer than length of unconsciousness

Question 52

mild

Answer 52

GCS 13-15 PTA <1 hr LOC <30 min

Question 53

moderate

Answer 53

GCS 9-12 PTA 30 min-24 hrs LOC 1-24 hrs

Question 54

severe

Answer 54

GCS 3-8 PTA >1 day LOC >24 hrs