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Nursing 240 > Leukemia > Flashcards

Leukemia Flashcards

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1
Q

two (2) reasons for Bone Marrow Biopsy

A

1) Determine type of leukemia

2) Determine if someone is capable of being a donor

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2
Q

Three (3) pharmacological treatments for leukemia

A

Antibiotics
Steroids,
Immunosupressants

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3
Q

S/E of Daunorubucin

A 
N/V/D
Constipations
Loss of appetite
Hair loss
Urine red in color
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4
Q

Clinical manifestation of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

A

-AVG age 72
-Abnormal-mature lymphocytes that cant fight infection
-slow onset
-neutropenia (infection)
-Anemia (pallor, weakness)
_Lymphadenopathy
-splenomegaly

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5
Q

Cancer cells release ______ and _____ when they are destroyed by chemotherapy

A

Potassium (k+)

Acid

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6
Q

ACUTE / CHRONIC Leukemia has immature WBC causing the disease to progress rapidly

A

acute

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7
Q

Allogenic vs Autologous (Bone Marrow transplant)

A

Allogenic-stem cells donated from another human

Autologous-stem cells from your own body

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8
Q

Nursing care of Pt with Tumor Lysis Syndrome

A 
Prior to Chemo-Aggressive Hydration, allopurinol
-Kayexelate and diuretics PRN
-Monitor I & O, daily weight
-Telemetry- arrhythmia
Hemodialysis PRN
Check Urine PH:  7-8.5 (desired range)
Monitor for Uric Acid-  >6mg/dl

Monitor for K+ >5.3mEq/L

Monitor Calcium <9.0mg/dl

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9
Q

Tumor Lysis Syndrome places pt at RISK for these three (3) things

A

Arrhythmia -(R/T hyperkalemia)

Neurologic Changes - (R/T hypocalcemia)

kidney stones - (R/T hyperuricemia)

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10
Q

immature WBC is not capable of ______________

A

fighting infection

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11
Q

Three (3) main general manifestations of leukemia

A

ANEMIA- tired, pale, weak, decreased RBC, HGB,HCT

INFECTION- Increased Immature WBC, Elevated temp

BLEEDING - Increased bruising/bleedings
Decreased platelets

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12
Q

This stage of CML appears and behaves like the acute form of myeloid leukemia

A

Blast Crisis Phase

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13
Q

Factors that are common to all leukemias

A

Increased WBC production by bone marrow

  • Increased # of Immature WBC circulating
  • Decreased RBC, mature WBC, platelets, HCT, HGB
  • Risk for Anemia, Neutropenia, Thrombocytopenia
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14
Q

(TRUE / FALSE)

Blast Crisis Phase is noted when there is a >20% blasts

A

true

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15
Q

S/S of Chronic Graft VS Host Disease

A

Chronic Pain, Fatigue, Weakness, Dyspnea

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16
Q

what happens during Tumor lYsis Syndrome

A
  • Chemo destroys cancer cells
  • Cancer cells releases K+ and acid
  • Risk for arrhythmia (r/t hyperkalemia) and acid crystals to form in kidneys (hyperuricemia) and Neurologic changes (R/T hypocalcemia)
17
Q

Top five (5) Nursing priorities for Leukemia

A

1) Tumor Lysis Syndrome management
2) Prevent Infection
3) Protect from injury R/T bleeding
4) Protect mucous Membranes
5) Promote Balanced nutrition

18
Q

S/S of Tumor Lysis Syndrome

A

NEURO: weakness, muscle cramps, paresthesias, seizures

CV: Hypotension, Arrhythmia

GI: Anorexia, N/V, Cramps, Diarrhea

GU: FLank pain, Oliguria/anuria, renal failure, hematuria

19
Q

Three steps involved with Bone Marrow Transplant

A

Chemo used to destroy immune system

Healthy Bone marrow infused

Private room for 6-8 weeks while immune function is restored

20
Q

A condition that occurs when donor bone marrow or stem cells attack the recipient

A

Graft VS Host Disease

21
Q

Name of Chremotherapy medication that is used

A

Daunorubucin (cerubidine)

22
Q

Risk (5) Factors for Leukemia

A 
Men affected more than women
Children with immune deficiencies
Previous cancer TX
Genetic disorders
Environmental (cigarettes, benzene, radiation)
23
Q

_______Leukemia progresses slowly due to

A

Mostly mature WBC

24
Q

which leukemia affects mostly children

A

Acute Lympocytic Leukemia

25
Q

what medication helps to remove excess potassium (>5.3 mEq/L)

A

Kayexelate

26
Q

Value for Absolute Neutrophil Count

A

> 1,500 - approximately

27
Q

Three stages of CML

A

Chronic - Asymptomatic or vague symptoms

Accelerated - Decreased appetite, weight loss, fever

Acute - Spleen and bone damage

28
Q

leading cause of death in leukemia patient

A

INFECTION

29
Q

Two types of Pharmacological therapy

A

Cytokines (Interferons & Interleukins)

Colony stimulating factors

30
Q

Value for Neutropenia

A

<500

31
Q

S/S of Acute Graft VS Host Disease

A

Pruritic rash begins on soles and palms

Jaundic, N/V, Diarhea, Dry Eyes

32
Q

Four (4) type of Leukemia

A

Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Chronic Myeloid Leukemia

33
Q

what is Leukemia

A

Chronic malignant disorder of WBC

34
Q

S/S of Blast Crisis Phase

A 
Infection
Bleeding
Lack of Energy
SOB
Stomach Pain
Bone Pain
35
Q

Clinical manifestations of Acute lymphocytic Leukemia

A
  • Children
  • CNS (h/s and visual problems)
  • Immature WBC (also in organs)
  • Rapid Onset
  • Anemia (Pallor, Weakness)
  • Neutropenia (infections, sore throat, night sweats)
  • Thrombocytopenia (Bleeding)
36
Q

Diagnostic Tests for Leukemia

A
  • CBC
    • Decreased RBC, HCT,HGB, Platelets
    • Differential-check maturity or WBC’s

-Bone Marrow Biopsy

Nursing 240 (13 decks)

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