Leukemia Flashcards
two (2) reasons for Bone Marrow Biopsy
1) Determine type of leukemia
2) Determine if someone is capable of being a donor
Three (3) pharmacological treatments for leukemia
Antibiotics
Steroids,
Immunosupressants
S/E of Daunorubucin
N/V/D Constipations Loss of appetite Hair loss Urine red in color
Clinical manifestation of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
-AVG age 72
-Abnormal-mature lymphocytes that cant fight infection
-slow onset
-neutropenia (infection)
-Anemia (pallor, weakness)
_Lymphadenopathy
-splenomegaly
Cancer cells release ______ and _____ when they are destroyed by chemotherapy
Potassium (k+)
Acid
ACUTE / CHRONIC Leukemia has immature WBC causing the disease to progress rapidly
acute
Allogenic vs Autologous (Bone Marrow transplant)
Allogenic-stem cells donated from another human
Autologous-stem cells from your own body
Nursing care of Pt with Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Prior to Chemo-Aggressive Hydration, allopurinol -Kayexelate and diuretics PRN -Monitor I & O, daily weight -Telemetry- arrhythmia Hemodialysis PRN Check Urine PH: 7-8.5 (desired range) Monitor for Uric Acid- >6mg/dl
Monitor for K+ >5.3mEq/L
Monitor Calcium <9.0mg/dl
Tumor Lysis Syndrome places pt at RISK for these three (3) things
Arrhythmia -(R/T hyperkalemia)
Neurologic Changes - (R/T hypocalcemia)
kidney stones - (R/T hyperuricemia)
immature WBC is not capable of ______________
fighting infection
Three (3) main general manifestations of leukemia
ANEMIA- tired, pale, weak, decreased RBC, HGB,HCT
INFECTION- Increased Immature WBC, Elevated temp
BLEEDING - Increased bruising/bleedings
Decreased platelets
This stage of CML appears and behaves like the acute form of myeloid leukemia
Blast Crisis Phase
Factors that are common to all leukemias
Increased WBC production by bone marrow
- Increased # of Immature WBC circulating
- Decreased RBC, mature WBC, platelets, HCT, HGB
- Risk for Anemia, Neutropenia, Thrombocytopenia
(TRUE / FALSE)
Blast Crisis Phase is noted when there is a >20% blasts
true
S/S of Chronic Graft VS Host Disease
Chronic Pain, Fatigue, Weakness, Dyspnea
what happens during Tumor lYsis Syndrome
- Chemo destroys cancer cells
- Cancer cells releases K+ and acid
- Risk for arrhythmia (r/t hyperkalemia) and acid crystals to form in kidneys (hyperuricemia) and Neurologic changes (R/T hypocalcemia)
Top five (5) Nursing priorities for Leukemia
1) Tumor Lysis Syndrome management
2) Prevent Infection
3) Protect from injury R/T bleeding
4) Protect mucous Membranes
5) Promote Balanced nutrition
S/S of Tumor Lysis Syndrome
NEURO: weakness, muscle cramps, paresthesias, seizures
CV: Hypotension, Arrhythmia
GI: Anorexia, N/V, Cramps, Diarrhea
GU: FLank pain, Oliguria/anuria, renal failure, hematuria
Three steps involved with Bone Marrow Transplant
Chemo used to destroy immune system
Healthy Bone marrow infused
Private room for 6-8 weeks while immune function is restored
A condition that occurs when donor bone marrow or stem cells attack the recipient
Graft VS Host Disease
Name of Chremotherapy medication that is used
Daunorubucin (cerubidine)
Risk (5) Factors for Leukemia
Men affected more than women Children with immune deficiencies Previous cancer TX Genetic disorders Environmental (cigarettes, benzene, radiation)
_______Leukemia progresses slowly due to
Mostly mature WBC
which leukemia affects mostly children
Acute Lympocytic Leukemia
