Colorectal Cancer Flashcards
(43 cards)
A newly placed colostomy takes approximately ________ days for fecal drainage to begin
2-3 days
Fluorouracil is what class of drug
Antineoplastics
During the Health HX assessment what are the four (4) areas that you should be asking about?
1) Changes in bowel pattern?
2) Family HX of Colorectal CA
3) Pain
4) HX of inflammatory Bowel DIsease and/or Polyps
Risk factors (6) of colorectal cancer
- ) >50 yrs of age
2) Polyps of colon/rectum
3) family hx
4) Inflammatory bowel disease
5) Exposure to radiation
6) Diet high in fats, calories and meat proteins
what type of bowel sounds will you most likely hear with an obstruction?
-high pitched at first, then goes silent
TRUE or FALSE?
Colorectal CA is a rapidly growing cancer
False-
it is a slow growing cancer that takes typically 5-15 years before it starts causing problems
Four (4) areas where you can assist your patient with Colorectal CA
1) Pain Management
2) Balanced Nutrition
3) Colostomy Care
4) Healthy Coping
Late Manifestations of colorectal CA
- anorexia
- pain
- weight loss
- bowel obstruction
- palpable abdominal mass (VERY LATE SIGN)
Risks (3) of TPN
1) Risk of infection
- central line dressing
- bag/tubing change
2) Risk of Hyperglycemia
- High glucose content of TPN given to a hyperglycemic pt =DEHYDRATION
3) Fluid Overload
- Hypertonic solution may causes fluid shift into vascular space
A Healthy stoma should be what color?
pink/ bright red & Moist
list four (4) very important nursing interventions when administering TPN
1) Daily Weight
2) Daily Labs
3) I & O
4) Bedside glucose checks Q 4-6 hours
how often do you change colostomy appliances?
PRN; early AM (or) 2-4 hours after a meal when bowel is least active
most common type of colostomy
Sigmoid Colostomy
Four (4) things that can cause mechanical bowel obstruction:
1) Pressure from tumors
2) adhesions
3) stenosis
4) volvulus
With Colorectal CA, what is the most common symptom that brings patients to the hospital?
Rectal bleeding
what age should you begin fecal occult blood tests?
50 years old
Tx (3) for Large bowel obstruction
1) Decompress bowel—Gtube
2) Correct fluid imbalance–IV FLUIDS
3) Surgery to resect bowel, remove tumor, release adhesions
NOT the primary tx for colorectal cancer
Radiation Therapy
Bowel obstruction typically seen after surgeries
non-mechanical bowel obstruction (AKA: Paralytic Ileus)
How often should a fecal occult blood test be performed?
yearly
a dry stoma that is purple/black in color indicates________________.
ischemia
Bowel obstructions cause (increase/decrease) in secretions with abdominal distention
increase in secretions
what diagnostic labs would be ordered for colorectal cancer? rationale for each?
1) Fecal occult blood- tumor may cause rectal bleeding
2) CBC- to detect anemia r/t chronic blood loss/tumor growth
3) CEA- Carcinoembryonic Antigen…tumor marker
How is TPN administered?
- Through central line only!
- always via infusion pump
