HIV & AIDS Flashcards
Diagnostic tests used for HIV
ELISA Western Blot HIV VIral Load CBC CD4 count
ELISA is ___% effective when performed at least _______ weeks after exposure to virus
99&
13
This tx measures the amount of actively replicating HIV
HIV viral load
a viral load >5,000-10,000 = need to _______
treatment
the GOAL of antiretroviral therapy is_____________
<50 (undetectable)
most widely used test to monitor for progress of the disease and to guide therapy
CD4 count
Requirements determined by the CDC for AIDS
1) presence of Opportunistic infections
2) CD4 count below 200/mm
GOAL of pharmacologic therapy
- suppress HIV infection
- Prophylaxis/treatment for opportunistic infections
How to measure effectiveness of pharmacologic therapy
- viral load
- CD4 cell counts
HAART
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy
–combines three or four drugs
_________ may be given to prevent infection once a patients’ CD4 count declines
antibiotics
With effective pharmacologic therapy you would expect to see an (increase/decrease) in the CD4 count….and a (increase/decrease) in the viral load.
- increase
- decrease
Reasons for non-compliance with HAART Therapy
1) complicated, expensive
2) specific schedule
3) major adverse reactions
4) less than perfect adherence —->resistance
what class of drug is the antiretroviral treatment, Zidovudine? (ie, AZT, Azidothymidine)
Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor (NRTI)
Zidovudine often is given to clients with a CD4 cell count less than ________________
500/mm
_____________ may be used prophylactically following a documented Parenteral exposure to HIV
Zidovudine
Nursing considerations for Zidovudine
1) swallow capsule whole-DO NOT CRUSH
2) Assess for adverse effects-Nausea & headache
3) assess CBC with differential and creatinine phosphokinase
Patient education r/t Zidovudine
1) DOES NOT CURE HIV-
slows the progression
2) Take 30 minutes before meals (or) 60 minutes after meals.
3) continue lab studies to monitor for toxicity
4) IF pt develops severe anemia/neutropenia
How does the class of drugs “Protease Inhibitors” work…???
They make the virus non-infectious
Downside for “Protease Inhibitors”
Disadvantage is viral resistance occurs quickly
S/E of Protease Inhibitors
- Metabolic derangements
a) elevated cholesterol
b) elevated triglycerides
c) Insulin Resistance
d) Diabetes Mellitus
e) Changes in body fat composition
_______ is given in combination with HAART for Kaposi Sarcoma
Interferons
All clients affected with HIV should be given the following vaccines:
1) Pneumococcal
2) Influenza
3) Hepatitis B
4) Haemophilus Influenza
HIV patients with a positive PPD and a negative CXR are given __________
isoniazid