leucocyte development Flashcards
Describe process of hematopoiesis
Multipotential hematopoietic stem cells divides into common myeloid progenitor & common lymphoid progenitor
CMP produces megakaryocytes (makes thrombocytes), erythrocytes, mast cells & myeloblasts (makes basophils, neutrophils, eosinophils & monocytes (monocyte then makes macrophages))
CLP produces natural killer cells & small lymphocytes (which then makes T & B lymphocytes (B lymphocyte makes plasma cell))
Typical features of neutrophils
Granulocyte
Most abundant white blood cell type
2-5 lobes
Survive 1-2 days in tissues
Pale pink appearance
Phagocytic cells that rapidly respond in bacterial infections
First to reach site of infection
Can do both oxygen-dependent & oxygen-independent killing
Typical features of eosinophils
Granulocyte
Bi-lobed nucleus
Granules stain red-orange with eosin
Involved in immune response against parasites
Play role in allergic reactions
Typical features of basophils
Granulocyte
Least abundant white blood cell
Bi-lobed or irregularly shaped nucleus
Granules stain purple/blue
Involved in allergic reactions (release histamine)
Play role in defence against parasites
Typical features of mast cells
Granulocyte
Found in connective tissue (not blood)
Rounded nuclei
Role in inflammation
response to allergen (release histamine)
Typical features of lymphocytes
Agranulocyte
Second most abundant white blood cell type
Large, rounded nucleus
Comprise B cells (produce antibodies), T cells (cell-mediated immunity) & NK cells (innate immune system)
Typical features of monocytes
Agranulocyte
Largest leucocyte
Kidney shaped, horseshoe shaped or round nucleus
Gray-blue cytoplasm
Precursor of macrophages & dendritic cells
Phagocytic
Typical features of heterophils
Functionally equivalent to neutrophils but granules stain red
Found in reptiles, rabbits & avians
Typical features of macrophages
Can act as antigen presenting cells in both innate & adaptive immunity
Typical features of natural killer cells
Granular
Cytotoxic lymphocyte
Role in destruction of virus infected cells
Typical features of dendritic cells
Specialised group of antigen presenting cells
Many subsets according to their tissue location
Typical features of B lymphocytes
Express membrane bound receptors/antibodies
Central role in adaptive immunity
Can differentiate into plasma cells to release antibodies or memory B cells
Typical features of T lymphocytes
Cell mediated adaptive immune response
Recognise antigen displayed by major histocompatibility complex (MHC)
Range of subsets (e.g. T helper cells & cytotoxic T cells)
