Leture 6: Microbial Nutrition & Growth

Question 1

What is an increase in numbers of cells (microbes), not in cell size?

Answer 1

Microbial Growth

Question 2

What is microbial growth?

Answer 2

What is an increase in numbers of cells (microbes), not in cell size?

Question 3

What is an aggregation of cells arising from single parent cell?

Answer 3

Colony

Question 4

What is a colony?

Answer 4

An aggregation of cells arising from single parent cell

Question 5

What gives the cell the energy for reproduction (growth)?

Answer 5

Metabolism

Question 6

What does metabolism do?

Answer 6

Gives the cell the energy for reproduction (growth)

Question 7

What results in growth?

Answer 7

Reproduction

Question 9

What are the physical growth reqirements?

Answer 9

Temperature
pH (acidic, neutral, basic/alkaline)
Water (osmotic pressure and hydrostatic pressure)

Question 10

What is the temperature range for
Psychrophiles?

Answer 10

-5 to 20 degrees C

Question 11

What is the temperature range for Mesophiles?

Answer 11

15 to 45 degrees C

Question 12

What is the temperature range for ?

Question 13

What is the temperature range for ?

Question 14

Most bacteria & protozoa grow between pH 6.5 & 7.6, this is what type of pH?

Answer 14

Neutrophiles

Question 15

Which type grow in acidic environments, that allow for molds and yeast to grow between pH5 and 6?

Answer 15

Acidophiles

Question 15

Which type live in basic environments (soils and water) 9 to pH 11.5?

Answer 15

Alkalinophiles/ Alkaliphiles

Question 16

When you have a high hydrogen ions, what does that mean for your pH?

Answer 16

Low pH and high acidity

Question 17

When you have low hydrogen ions, what does that mean for your ph?

Answer 17

High pH and low acidity

Question 18

What type of pressure exerted on a semi-permeable membrane by a solution containing solutes that cannot freely cross the membrane?

Answer 18

Osmotic Pressure

Question 19

Where do metabolic reactions take place?

Answer 19

Water

Question 20

Do most cells die in absence of water?

Answer 20

Yes

Question 21

Water exerts pressure in proportion to its depth, is what?

Answer 21

Hydrostatic pressure

Question 22

Which organisms that live under extreme pressure?

Answer 22

Barophiles

Question 23

How do barophiles maintain their three-dimensional, functional shape?

Answer 23

Membranes and enzymes depend on this pressure

Question 24

What type of transport requires no energy?

Answer 24

Passive transport

Question 25

What type of transport requires energy?

Answer 25

Active transport

Question 26

What is movement of molecules to fill available space?

Answer 26

Diffusion

Molecules moves randomly but diffusion may be directional

Substances diffuse down their concentration gradient (corner of smoker to in front of you is the gradient)

Question 27

What does it mean to have the same amount of molecules moving across the membrane in each direction?

Answer 27

at equilibrium

Question 28

Solute moves from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration, no energy required.

Answer 28

Simple diffusion or directional net diffusion

Question 29

What is the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable cell membrane?

Answer 29

Osmosis

Question 30

This process of water diffusing across a membrane from the region of lower solute concentration to the region of higher solute concentration is of what?

Answer 30

Osmosis

Question 31

The ability of a surrounding solution to cause a cell to gain or lose water is what?

Answer 31

Tonicity

Question 32

What type of solution has: outside solute concentration is greater than that inside the cell?

Answer 32

Hypertonic

Cell is shriveled

Question 33

What type of solution has: outside solute concentration is the same as the inside the cell?

Answer 33

Isotonic

Normal cell

Question 33

What type of solution has; outside solute concentration is less than that inside the cell?

Answer 33

Hypotonic

Cell is lysed

Question 34

The ability of an extracellular solution to make water move into or out of a cell by osmosis

Answer 34

Tonicity

Question 35

When water moves into the cell and may cause the cell to burst if the wall is weak or damaged (osmotic lysis)

Answer 35

Hypotonic

Question 36

When water moves out of the cell. causing its cytoplasm to shrink (plasmolysis)

Answer 36

Hypertonic

Question 36

When there is no net movement of water

Answer 36

Isotonic

Question 37

In animal cells when the cell’s shrink and cause death, this is?

Answer 37

Plasmolysis

Question 38

What are chemical growth requirements?

Answer 38

Nutrients

Question 39

What allows for energy needs, build organic molecules, and build cellular structures?

Answer 39

Nutrients

Question 39

carbon

Question 39

nitrogen

Question 40

sulfur

Question 41

phosphorous

Question 42

trace elements

Question 43

Organic chemicals that cannot be synthesized by certain organisms

Answer 43

Growth factors

Question 44

four basic groups of organisms

Question 45

Require oxygen, undergo aerobic respiration

Answer 45

Obligate Aerobes

Question 46

Can maintain life with our without oxygen via fermentation or anaerobic respiration or by aeroobic respiration

Answer 46

Facultative Anaerobes

Question 46

Aerobes that require lower levels of oxygen

Answer 46

Microaerophiles

levels from 2-10%
limited ability to detoxify hydrogen peroxide and superoxide radicals

Question 47

Do not use aerobic metabolism but have some enzymes that detoxify oxygen poisonous forms; can use oxygen when present, and can also survive without oxygen

Answer 47

Aerotolerant anaerobes

Question 48

Do not use aerobic metabolism but have some enzymes that detoxify oxygen poisonous forms. Do not use oxygen but can survive in oxygen

Answer 48

Aerotolerant Anaerobes

Question 49

Do not use aerobic metabolism, oxygen is toxic to them, cannot live in oxygen

Answer 49

Obligate Anaerobes

Question 50

toxic forms of oxygen