Letcures 6-10 MCQ Flashcards
In Drosophilia, which gradient drives the sub-specification of the columnar genes in the neuroectoderm?
Dorsal
During development of the cerebellum a population of lateral stem cells migrate from the rhombic lip to establish a second proliferative zone along the dorsal surface of the neural tube. What is this region called?
External granule cell layer
Which genes pattern the hindbrain and spinal cord along the anterior-posterior axis?
Hox genes
What are the two main types of neuronal migration in the vertebrate neural tube?
Tangential and radial
Which mechanism is the Numb protein a major component of?
Asymmetric cell division
Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) can be converted into neural stem cells (NSCs) by adding which morphogen(s)?
REVISIT
Which region of the brain does the Zona Limitans Intrathalamica pattern?
Diencephalon
During early patterning of the vertebrate nervous system the paraxial mesoderm generates a posterior to anterior gradient of WNT that helps do what?
Transform cells from an anterior fate to a posterior fate
Dorsal-ventral patterning in the spinal cord of vertebrates is regulated by competing gradients of which two morphogens?
Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and sonic hedgehog (SHH)
The majority of neural stem cells divide in which part of the neural tube?
Ventricular zone
Which maternal mRNA gradient drives anterior-posterior patterning in fruitfly?
Bicoid
The loss of which factor leads to a condition known as Cyclopia (i.e. single eye)?
Sonic hedgehog
Purkinje cells are specialised GABAergic interneurons in which part of the brain?
Cerebellum
Whichfactor directly antagonises SOX2 to enable basal progenitors to switch from proliferative to differentiation mode to make neurons?
SOX21
A defect in Delta-Notch signalling in the invertebrate neuroectoderm causes what?
An increased number of neuroblasts (NBs)
What determines neuronal identity?
Proneural and Hox
The default fate for neural stem cells in the mammalian neural tube is anterior due to the expression of which gene?
Otx2
Branchiomotor neurons in the hindbrain are generated in the p3 zone next to the floor-plate but then migrate in which direction?
Tangentially
The main rostro-caudal (anterior-poaterior) division in the neural tube occurs at the Isthmic Organiser (IO) that forms at which boundary?
Midbrain-Hindbrain
The rostral migratory stream (RMS) supplies stem cells to which region of the cortex?
Olfactory bulb
How is the formation of the layers of the isocortex best described?
Inside out
Which neuronal types migrate from the sub-pallium into the pallium of the telencephalon?
GABAergic interneurons
Neural stem cells in the vertebrate brain contain an oscillator that makes them flux between being more neuro-competent and more glio-competent every 2hours. What is the main reason why there able to do this?
HES1 auto-repression of its own expression
Myelinating cell types?
Oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells
What type of neuron is generated in the pMN region of the spinal cord?
Motor neuron
