Lectures 11-15 MCQ

Question 1

When a neuron activates the caspase 3 protein/enzyme what happens?

Answer 1

Undergoes apoptosis

Question 2

If the right-hand limb bud is removed from a chick embryo what will happen to the nervous system?

Answer 2

There will be a loss of motor and sensory neurons in the right-hand side of the relevant spinal cord and dorsal root ganglion

Question 3

Course retinotopic mapping in the tectum (non-mammalian vertebrates) or superior colliculus (mammals) is mainly due to what?

Answer 3

Ephrin-Eph

Question 4

Neural stem cells in the cortex can be pushed from neurogenic to a gliogenic fate because mature cortical neurons secrete what?

Answer 4

Leukemia Inhibitory Factor (LIF)

Question 5

Which morphogen is secreted by the floor plate to help guide axonal growth cones?

Answer 5

Netrin

Question 6

Mutant mice that lack the ability to make the caspase 9 protein/enzyme end up with what kind of striking abnormalities?

Answer 6

Brain tumour

Question 7

In the pMN region of the vertebrate spinal cord neural stem cells switch from making motor neurons to oligodendrocytes due to which specific changes?

Answer 7

Down-regulation of neurogenin 2 (NGN2)

Question 8

Rapid-firing neurons can bypass glycolosis by receiving lactate from which type of support cell?

Answer 8

Astrocyte

Question 9

If leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) signals to a mature (i.e. post-mitotic) neuron it will cause the neuron to do what?

Answer 9

Prevent apoptosis

Question 10

Neurotrophins can prevent neuronal apoptosis because they drive the expression of which key anti-apoptotic gene/protein?

Answer 10

Bcl-2 (B-cell lymphoma 2)

Question 11

Which neuron subtype forms closest to the floor plate in the developing vertebrate neural tube?

Answer 11

Motorneurons

Question 12

Which cell-types can a retinal stem cell generate?

Answer 12

All required for a singular column of the retina

Question 13

Which axon guidance molecule is the only one that DOES NOT generate a secreted chemo-gradient?

Answer 13

Ephrin A

ones that do are slit 1, netrin 1, semaphorin 3

Question 14

The sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area (SDN-POA) of the hypothalamus is larger in male rats because neurons in this region can inhibit apoptosis. they do this by taking-up testosterone and converting it into what?

Answer 14

Estrogen

Question 15

In mammals, if a sensory neuron in the nasal epithelium has its endogenous olfactory receptor (OrA) replaced with an ectopic olfactory receptor (OrC) what effect will this have on the projection of that neuron in the olfactory bulb?

Answer 15

The growth cone will not innervate glomeruli normally targetted by OrA, or, OrC olfactory neurons

Question 16

Newly formed somatosensory neurons in the dorsal root ganglion signal to later arriving neural crest cells to help push them towards which lineage?

Answer 16

Schwann

Question 17

The chemo-repulsive morphogen SLIT preferentially binds to which type of receptor?

Answer 17

Roundabout (Robo)

Question 18

Which system shows receptor-based mapping?

Answer 18

Olfactory system

Question 19

Neurotrophic factors (e.g. Neurotrophin-3) bind to receptor-tyrosine-kinases (Trk or RTK) and activate which intracellular transduction pathway?

Answer 19

Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)

Question 20

Flies that are unable to make Dronc (caspase-3) show which of the following traits?

Answer 20

An inability to prune neurons during metamorphosis

Question 21

Ephrin-Eph signalling is important during what?

Answer 21

Target selection during synaptic wiring

Question 22

The topographic map in the isocortex is generated, in part, due to the FGF-gradient from the rostral midline. If FGF is expressed ectopically in the caudal region what effect does this have on central mapping of the primary somatosensory cortex (SI)?

Answer 22

There is a complete duplication of SI

Question 23

Which occular neuron carries information from the retina to the brain?

Answer 23

Retinal Ganglion Cell

Question 24

Which type of glia is generated outside of the nervous system?

Answer 24

Microglia