Lectures 11-15 MCQ Flashcards
When a neuron activates the caspase 3 protein/enzyme what happens?
Undergoes apoptosis
If the right-hand limb bud is removed from a chick embryo what will happen to the nervous system?
There will be a loss of motor and sensory neurons in the right-hand side of the relevant spinal cord and dorsal root ganglion
Course retinotopic mapping in the tectum (non-mammalian vertebrates) or superior colliculus (mammals) is mainly due to what?
Ephrin-Eph
Neural stem cells in the cortex can be pushed from neurogenic to a gliogenic fate because mature cortical neurons secrete what?
Leukemia Inhibitory Factor (LIF)
Which morphogen is secreted by the floor plate to help guide axonal growth cones?
Netrin
Mutant mice that lack the ability to make the caspase 9 protein/enzyme end up with what kind of striking abnormalities?
Brain tumour
In the pMN region of the vertebrate spinal cord neural stem cells switch from making motor neurons to oligodendrocytes due to which specific changes?
Down-regulation of neurogenin 2 (NGN2)
Rapid-firing neurons can bypass glycolosis by receiving lactate from which type of support cell?
Astrocyte
If leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) signals to a mature (i.e. post-mitotic) neuron it will cause the neuron to do what?
Prevent apoptosis
Neurotrophins can prevent neuronal apoptosis because they drive the expression of which key anti-apoptotic gene/protein?
Bcl-2 (B-cell lymphoma 2)
Which neuron subtype forms closest to the floor plate in the developing vertebrate neural tube?
Motorneurons
Which cell-types can a retinal stem cell generate?
All required for a singular column of the retina
Which axon guidance molecule is the only one that DOES NOT generate a secreted chemo-gradient?
Ephrin A
ones that do are slit 1, netrin 1, semaphorin 3
The sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area (SDN-POA) of the hypothalamus is larger in male rats because neurons in this region can inhibit apoptosis. they do this by taking-up testosterone and converting it into what?
Estrogen
In mammals, if a sensory neuron in the nasal epithelium has its endogenous olfactory receptor (OrA) replaced with an ectopic olfactory receptor (OrC) what effect will this have on the projection of that neuron in the olfactory bulb?
The growth cone will not innervate glomeruli normally targetted by OrA, or, OrC olfactory neurons
Newly formed somatosensory neurons in the dorsal root ganglion signal to later arriving neural crest cells to help push them towards which lineage?
Schwann
The chemo-repulsive morphogen SLIT preferentially binds to which type of receptor?
Roundabout (Robo)
Which system shows receptor-based mapping?
Olfactory system
Neurotrophic factors (e.g. Neurotrophin-3) bind to receptor-tyrosine-kinases (Trk or RTK) and activate which intracellular transduction pathway?
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)
Flies that are unable to make Dronc (caspase-3) show which of the following traits?
An inability to prune neurons during metamorphosis
Ephrin-Eph signalling is important during what?
Target selection during synaptic wiring
The topographic map in the isocortex is generated, in part, due to the FGF-gradient from the rostral midline. If FGF is expressed ectopically in the caudal region what effect does this have on central mapping of the primary somatosensory cortex (SI)?
There is a complete duplication of SI
Which occular neuron carries information from the retina to the brain?
Retinal Ganglion Cell
Which type of glia is generated outside of the nervous system?
Microglia
