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LPN-ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY-1ST TEST > Lessons 7-parts 1, 2, 3 And Lessons 8,9 > Flashcards

Lessons 7-parts 1, 2, 3 And Lessons 8,9 Flashcards

Nervous system, neuron, brain, the senses, eye, ear

1
Q

What is included in the CNS?

A

The brain and spinal cord

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2
Q

What is the CNS responsible for doing?

A

Integrative and control Center of the nervous system

Interprets sensory input & dictates motor response based on past experiences, reflexes and the current situation

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3
Q

What is the PNS consist of?

A

Cranial nerves and spinal nerves

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4
Q

“biological clock”

A

regulation of secretion of hormones, sleep cycle, and mental alertness

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5
Q

What is required in the body in order to make thyroxine?

A

Iodine

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6
Q

Neurological condition “Parkinson’s” usually arises from the death of ___________.

A

Cells (in the brain)

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7
Q

Does the endocrine system contain ducts?

A

No

Releases hormones directly into capillaries into the blood

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8
Q

What lobe does the perception of sound lie in?

A

Temporal lobe

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9
Q

What gland releases ‘epinephrine’ during a body emergency?

A

Adrenal glands

Medulla

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10
Q

What nerve receptors are damaged if temporary loss of smell happens?

A

Olfactory nerve

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11
Q

What are the ‘Islands of Grey matter’ called, that are found ininterior of the cerebrum?

A

Basal ganglia

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12
Q

Which cortical region would be damaged by a stroke if words are understood but person responds with garbled words?

A

Broca’s area

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13
Q

What are the characteristics of “sensations”?

A

Projection, intensity, contrast, adaptation, after-image

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14
Q

The sensation of a handshake that seems to be in your hand but is actually being felt in the cerebral cortex in the brain
Ie. Phantom pain

A

Projection

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15
Q

Sensations felt more than others b/c more receptors are stimulated and more impulses are transmitted to the specific area of the brain for interpretation

A

Intensity

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16
Q

When the brain compares new sensations w/ previously learned sensations. If there’s a difference, these will be perceived as stronger

A

Contrast

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17
Q

Becoming aware of a continued stimulus; doesnt seem as strong given time
Ie. White noise machine

A

Adaptation

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18
Q

Sensation stays in our consciousness even after the stimulus has stopped
Ie. Impression of a person’s smile/ handshake

A

After-image

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19
Q

The overproduction/ hypersecretion of ____________ causes ‘Cushing’ s syndrome’.

A

Cortisol (hormone)

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20
Q

What part of the brain helps in the association of sensations?

A

Thalamus

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21
Q

The __________ is the cranial nerve that is stimulated by cocaine.

A

III Oculomotor

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22
Q

Glaucoma

A

When the drainage of aqueous Humor is blocked the internal pressure within the eye will increase

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23
Q

What is an EEG used for, to determine certain conditions?

A

To diagnose disease such as epilepsy, locate tumors, study the effects of illicit drugs on the brain

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24
Q

Where are the receptor cells ‘rods and cones’ located?

A

Within the retina

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25
Q

What happens to a person’s ‘bronchioles and blood vessels’ in a fearful situation?

A

They both dilate

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26
Q

Cataracts

A

the proteins of the lens break down and lose their transparency.

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27
Q

What causes the sensation of ‘phantom pain’?

A

severed nerve endings continue to generate impulses (projection)

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28
Q

Innate reflexes are ___________ programmed.

A

Genetically

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29
Q

The structure on the tongue that contains ‘taste bud’ are in the __________ on the tongue.

A

Papillae

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30
Q

The ‘meningeal layer’ on the surface of the spinal cord and brain is also called the __________.

A

Pia mater

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31
Q

Salvation to smell and sight of food is a _______ reflex you have acquired.

A

Conditioned

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32
Q

During an inflammation process, ________ is released by damaged cells.

A

Histamine

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33
Q

Hunger and thirst are triggered by ___________.

A

Visceral sensations

34
Q

The outer layer of grey matter on the surface of the cerebral hemisphere is called the __________.

A

Cerebral cortex

35
Q

Excessive accumulation of CSF is called __________.

A

Hydrocephalus

36
Q

What is ‘Graves disease’ associated with?

A

HYPERSECRETION OF THYROXINE

37
Q

The condition that affects the 5th cranial nerve is called _______________.

A

Trigeminal neuralgia

38
Q

In the brain, the visual perception is located in the _______ lobe.

A

Occipital

39
Q

What causes ‘Dwarfism’

A

hyposecretion of growth hormone

40
Q

What cranial nerve is involved in vasovagal syncope?

A

Vagus nerve

41
Q

What does the ‘autonomic nervous system’ restore?

A

homeostasis

42
Q

What is the largest section of the brain?

A

Cerebrum

43
Q

What space is the needle inserted into during a spinal tap?

A

Subarachnoid space

44
Q

What is the shape of the ‘cochlea’ in the ear?

A

Snail-shell shaped

45
Q

What part of the eye is colored?

A

Iris

46
Q

What does the external ear consist of?

A

auricle and auditory canal

47
Q

What are the 4 surface lobes of each hemisphere?

A

Frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal

48
Q

What hormone is given to induce labour?

A

Oxytocin

49
Q

What is the name of the portion of the brain stem that joins spinal cord to brain?

A

Medulla

50
Q

What are ribs that do not articulate with the sternum called?

A

Floating

51
Q

‘night blindness’ is caused by a vitamin _____ deficiency.

A

Vitamin A

52
Q

ALS can be fatal because of the inability to contract the diaphragm and breathe due to, _______.

A

Paralysis

53
Q

What is another name for ‘shingles’?

A

Herpes-zoster

54
Q

Where is the CSF produced?

A

ventricles

55
Q

What cranial nerve could be damaged by Glaucoma?

A

Optic nerve

56
Q

What is nerve deafness caused by?

A

Chronic loud noises

Some viral infections; mumps

57
Q

A severe blow to the back of the head can cause what?

A

visual disturbance

58
Q

Where could a left sided CVA cause paralysis?

A

Right side

59
Q

What are 3 issues that a person with equilibrium problems may have?

A

Nausea
Dizziness
balance problems

60
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of Hyperglycemia?

A

Extreme thirst, frequent urination, decreased weight

61
Q

What hormone is necessary for sperm production?

A

FSH

folical stimulating hormone

62
Q

Neurotransmitters allow neurons to __________ with each other.

A

Communicate

63
Q

Where are the specialized receptors for hearing and balance are located?

A

The inner ear

64
Q

________ is an inflammatory chemical that is released by damaged tissues and cells; makes capillaries more permeable/open

A

Histamine

65
Q

The parathyroid needs vitamin _______ to help absorb calcium.

A

Vitamin D

66
Q

The __________ release/ produce epinephrine; stress response.

A

Adrenals

67
Q

Which nerve allows for movement of the eyeball?

A

Occular motor nerve

68
Q

_______ makes the pupil smaller in bright light.

A

Constriction

69
Q

Dilated makes the pupil ________.

A

Bigger

70
Q

Mnemonic to remember the 12 cranial nerves + roots:

Only One Octopus Talks Aloud For All Generous Visitors, Say Hello!

A 
Olfactory
Optic
Oculomotor
Trigeminal
Abducens
Facial
Accessory
Glossopharyngeal
Vagus
Superior oblique
Hypoglossal
71
Q

What are the functions of the nervous system?

A
  • Monitoring the internal & external environments through sensory receptors
  • Assimilation, processing and interpretation of experiences necessary for memory and learning (integration)
  • Initiating and coordinating a response by activating muscles and glands
72
Q

Oligodendrocytes

A

(the neuroglia in the CNS) - branched neuroglia with a few process that wrap tightly around fibers, producing myelin sheath

73
Q

In MS, the _________ is destroyed

A

Myelin sheath

74
Q

ANS (autonomic nervous system)

A

Responsible for homeostasis
(involuntary) motor skills
Conducts impulses from the CNS to cardiac muscles, smooth muscles, and glands

75
Q

SNS (somatic nervous system)

A

Responsible for muscle movements
(voluntary)
Conducts impulses from CNS to skeletal muscles

76
Q

Sympathetic division responsible for?

A

“fight or flight” response

Stress

77
Q

Parasympathetic division

A

Conserves energy

“housekeeping” during rest

78
Q

Neurotransmitters _______ across the synapse and process and send messages to the rest of the body.

A

Diffuse

79
Q

Innate reflexes are __________, while conditioned reflexes are ________.

A

Genetically programmed/automatic;

Acquired

80
Q

The “workhorse” of the brain

A

Cerebrum

LPN-ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY-1ST TEST (6 decks)

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