Lessons 7-parts 1, 2, 3 And Lessons 8,9 Flashcards
Nervous system, neuron, brain, the senses, eye, ear
What is included in the CNS?
The brain and spinal cord
What is the CNS responsible for doing?
Integrative and control Center of the nervous system
Interprets sensory input & dictates motor response based on past experiences, reflexes and the current situation
What is the PNS consist of?
Cranial nerves and spinal nerves
“biological clock”
regulation of secretion of hormones, sleep cycle, and mental alertness
What is required in the body in order to make thyroxine?
Iodine
Neurological condition “Parkinson’s” usually arises from the death of ___________.
Cells (in the brain)
Does the endocrine system contain ducts?
No
Releases hormones directly into capillaries into the blood
What lobe does the perception of sound lie in?
Temporal lobe
What gland releases ‘epinephrine’ during a body emergency?
Adrenal glands
Medulla
What nerve receptors are damaged if temporary loss of smell happens?
Olfactory nerve
What are the ‘Islands of Grey matter’ called, that are found ininterior of the cerebrum?
Basal ganglia
Which cortical region would be damaged by a stroke if words are understood but person responds with garbled words?
Broca’s area
What are the characteristics of “sensations”?
Projection, intensity, contrast, adaptation, after-image
The sensation of a handshake that seems to be in your hand but is actually being felt in the cerebral cortex in the brain
Ie. Phantom pain
Projection
Sensations felt more than others b/c more receptors are stimulated and more impulses are transmitted to the specific area of the brain for interpretation
Intensity
When the brain compares new sensations w/ previously learned sensations. If there’s a difference, these will be perceived as stronger
Contrast
Becoming aware of a continued stimulus; doesnt seem as strong given time
Ie. White noise machine
Adaptation
Sensation stays in our consciousness even after the stimulus has stopped
Ie. Impression of a person’s smile/ handshake
After-image
The overproduction/ hypersecretion of ____________ causes ‘Cushing’ s syndrome’.
Cortisol (hormone)
What part of the brain helps in the association of sensations?
Thalamus
The __________ is the cranial nerve that is stimulated by cocaine.
III Oculomotor
Glaucoma
When the drainage of aqueous Humor is blocked the internal pressure within the eye will increase
What is an EEG used for, to determine certain conditions?
To diagnose disease such as epilepsy, locate tumors, study the effects of illicit drugs on the brain
Where are the receptor cells ‘rods and cones’ located?
Within the retina
What happens to a person’s ‘bronchioles and blood vessels’ in a fearful situation?
They both dilate
Cataracts
the proteins of the lens break down and lose their transparency.
What causes the sensation of ‘phantom pain’?
severed nerve endings continue to generate impulses (projection)
Innate reflexes are ___________ programmed.
Genetically
The structure on the tongue that contains ‘taste bud’ are in the __________ on the tongue.
Papillae
The ‘meningeal layer’ on the surface of the spinal cord and brain is also called the __________.
Pia mater
Salvation to smell and sight of food is a _______ reflex you have acquired.
Conditioned
During an inflammation process, ________ is released by damaged cells.
Histamine
Hunger and thirst are triggered by ___________.
Visceral sensations
The outer layer of grey matter on the surface of the cerebral hemisphere is called the __________.
Cerebral cortex
Excessive accumulation of CSF is called __________.
Hydrocephalus
What is ‘Graves disease’ associated with?
HYPERSECRETION OF THYROXINE
The condition that affects the 5th cranial nerve is called _______________.
Trigeminal neuralgia
In the brain, the visual perception is located in the _______ lobe.
Occipital
What causes ‘Dwarfism’
hyposecretion of growth hormone
What cranial nerve is involved in vasovagal syncope?
Vagus nerve
What does the ‘autonomic nervous system’ restore?
homeostasis
What is the largest section of the brain?
Cerebrum
What space is the needle inserted into during a spinal tap?
Subarachnoid space
What is the shape of the ‘cochlea’ in the ear?
Snail-shell shaped
What part of the eye is colored?
Iris
What does the external ear consist of?
auricle and auditory canal
What are the 4 surface lobes of each hemisphere?
Frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal
What hormone is given to induce labour?
Oxytocin
What is the name of the portion of the brain stem that joins spinal cord to brain?
Medulla
What are ribs that do not articulate with the sternum called?
Floating
‘night blindness’ is caused by a vitamin _____ deficiency.
Vitamin A
ALS can be fatal because of the inability to contract the diaphragm and breathe due to, _______.
Paralysis
What is another name for ‘shingles’?
Herpes-zoster
Where is the CSF produced?
ventricles
What cranial nerve could be damaged by Glaucoma?
Optic nerve
What is nerve deafness caused by?
Chronic loud noises
Some viral infections; mumps
A severe blow to the back of the head can cause what?
visual disturbance
Where could a left sided CVA cause paralysis?
Right side
What are 3 issues that a person with equilibrium problems may have?
Nausea
Dizziness
balance problems
What are the signs and symptoms of Hyperglycemia?
Extreme thirst, frequent urination, decreased weight
What hormone is necessary for sperm production?
FSH
folical stimulating hormone
Neurotransmitters allow neurons to __________ with each other.
Communicate
Where are the specialized receptors for hearing and balance are located?
The inner ear
________ is an inflammatory chemical that is released by damaged tissues and cells; makes capillaries more permeable/open
Histamine
The parathyroid needs vitamin _______ to help absorb calcium.
Vitamin D
The __________ release/ produce epinephrine; stress response.
Adrenals
Which nerve allows for movement of the eyeball?
Occular motor nerve
_______ makes the pupil smaller in bright light.
Constriction
Dilated makes the pupil ________.
Bigger
Mnemonic to remember the 12 cranial nerves + roots:
Only One Octopus Talks Aloud For All Generous Visitors, Say Hello!
Olfactory Optic Oculomotor Trigeminal Abducens Facial Accessory Glossopharyngeal Vagus Superior oblique Hypoglossal
What are the functions of the nervous system?
- Monitoring the internal & external environments through sensory receptors
- Assimilation, processing and interpretation of experiences necessary for memory and learning (integration)
- Initiating and coordinating a response by activating muscles and glands
Oligodendrocytes
(the neuroglia in the CNS) - branched neuroglia with a few process that wrap tightly around fibers, producing myelin sheath
In MS, the _________ is destroyed
Myelin sheath
ANS (autonomic nervous system)
Responsible for homeostasis
(involuntary) motor skills
Conducts impulses from the CNS to cardiac muscles, smooth muscles, and glands
SNS (somatic nervous system)
Responsible for muscle movements
(voluntary)
Conducts impulses from CNS to skeletal muscles
Sympathetic division responsible for?
“fight or flight” response
Stress
Parasympathetic division
Conserves energy
“housekeeping” during rest
Neurotransmitters _______ across the synapse and process and send messages to the rest of the body.
Diffuse
Innate reflexes are __________, while conditioned reflexes are ________.
Genetically programmed/automatic;
Acquired
The “workhorse” of the brain
Cerebrum
