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LPN-ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY-1ST TEST > Lessons 3, 4, And 5 > Flashcards

Lessons 3, 4, And 5 Flashcards

Endocrine, skeletal, Integumentary system

1
Q

The body’s “natural skin cream”

A

Sebum

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2
Q

The substance that protects the interior of the body from the sun’s ultraviolet rays.

A

Melanin

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3
Q

Where is the stratum corneum located?

A

The thick epithelium of the palms and soles

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4
Q

What is a ‘greenstick fracture’?

A

Bone splinters longitudinally

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5
Q

Depolarization

A
  • the reversal of changes, a force that brings about contraction, contraction, followed by repolarization
  • when Na+ ions rush INTO the cell; NEGATIVE (-) OUTSIDE and POSITIVE (+) INSIDE
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6
Q

Sarcomeres

A

Thread like structures within the cells, extend from 1 end of the muscle to the other

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7
Q

What happens when there is a loss of nerve impulses to the muscle fibers?

A

Paralysis occurs

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8
Q

Impetigo

A

A contagious bacterial infection, pustules (pus containing lesions) that crust as they heal, found on neck, face, or shoulders

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9
Q

The sliding filament theory of muscle contraction

A

Thin and thick myofilaments move toward each other to cause muscle contraction

  • A nerve Impulse causes depolarization of a muscle fiber
  • this electrical change enables myosin filaments to pull actin filaments toward the center of the sarcomere, making the sarcomere shorter
  • all the sarcomere shorten and the muscle fiber contracts
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10
Q

The epidermal cell type that is most numerous

A

Keratinocyte

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11
Q

A ‘pivot’ joint is found where?

A

Head and wrist

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12
Q

What muscle would be best for a large volume (IM) intramuscular injection?

A

Vastuslateralis

The gluteus medius muscle

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13
Q

The 5 regions of the spine

A 
Cervical vertebrae
Thoracic vertebrae
Lumbar vertebrae
Sacrum
Coccyx
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14
Q

Skin color is determined by what?

A

Amount of blood in the tissues, pigments and O2 level of the blood

Melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin

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15
Q

A ‘prime mover’

A

The muscle responsible for the main action when a joint is moved/ for producing a particular movement

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16
Q

Where is ‘blood cell formation’ carried out?

A

Red bone marrow

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17
Q

If a nurse asks a patient with a fracture to ‘dorsiflex’, what body part is she/he assessing?

A

The foot

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18
Q

What is it called when hair falls out in patches?

A

Alopecia

19
Q

Bersitis

A

Inflammation of the synovial fluid filled sac (Bursae) when overused

20
Q

‘Hinge joints’ allow motion in how many directions?

A

Only one plane; two directions

21
Q

Sensation of Touch and pressure are picked up by receptors located in the __________.

A

Dermis

22
Q

Walking is an example of a ____________ contraction.

A

Isotonic (exercise)

23
Q

What does the ‘motor unit’ consist of?

A

Neuromuscular junction, (electro) chemical impulses and muscle group and motor neuron

24
Q

Polarization

A

(resting potential)

  • the sarcolemma has a positive (+) charge outside and negative (-) charge inside
  • ->Na+ ions MORE abundant OUTSIDE cell
25
Q

The ‘stratum ______ contains many layers and continuously sheds.

A

Corneum

26
Q

Synaptic cleft

A

The small space across which a nerve Impulse is transmitted by a neurotransmitter

27
Q

Osteoporosis

A

Bones become porous b/c the matrix is lost, weakening the bones

(A condition in which the bone matrix is lost and not replaced, resulting in the weakened bones that are then more likely to fracture)

28
Q

Another name for ‘dermal papillae’

A

Fingerprints

29
Q

The fold of skin that hides the ‘root of the nail’

A

Cuticle

30
Q

‘oxygen debt’

A

The depletion of oxygen in muscle cells during vigorous and prolonged exercise

(The state in which there is not enough oxygen to complete the process of aerobic cell respiration; lactic acid is formed which contributes to muscle fatigue)

31
Q

What is the name of the shaft of the long bone?

A

The diaphysis

32
Q

Why an you cut hair without causing pain?

A

B/c the shaft of the hair consists of dead cells

33
Q

The ‘humerus’ articulates with the _______ (which is part of the scapula).

A

Calvicle

34
Q

What gland gets plugged to form blackheads?

A

Sebaceous gland

35
Q

Why would a tibia fracture take longer than normal to heal if there was a severe blood loss?

A

Poor blood supply

B/c we need good blood supply for healing

36
Q

Atrophy

A

The decrease in size of a body part due to lack of use;a wasting

37
Q

Is atrophy a benefit of regular exercise?

A

It is NOT a benefit. If you are regularly exercising you will DECREASE the risk of atrophy occurring.

38
Q

Tendon

A

A fibrous connective tissue structure that connects muscle to bone

39
Q

What regulates and directs bone growth during childhood?

A

Growth hormone, Sex hormone and thyroid hormone

40
Q

Where are the sensory receptors for heat, cold, and itching found?

A

In the skin; Merkel cells

41
Q

What produces ‘goosebumps’?

A

The arrector pili muscle

Produced by the pilomotor arrector pili muscle, that when stimulated by cold pull the hair follicles upright.
For animals with thick fur, this would trap air and provide greater insulation from the cold. However, people don’t have thick fur, so all this reaction does is result in ‘goosebumps’

42
Q

What are the 3 small bones in the middle ear called?

A

Malleus, incus, and stapes

Latin for its shape: hammer/mallet, anvil, stirrup

43
Q

What are the epidermal derivatives?

A

Sweat glands, sebaceous gland (excocrine glands), hair

44
Q

The symptoms of a ‘ second degree burn’

A

-presents with a blister
-seen in scalding injuries
-sensitive to light touch
-invl. Epidermis and superficial prt. Of dermis
Heals:1-3 wks

LPN-ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY-1ST TEST (6 decks)

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