Lessons 3, 4, And 5 Flashcards
Endocrine, skeletal, Integumentary system
The body’s “natural skin cream”
Sebum
The substance that protects the interior of the body from the sun’s ultraviolet rays.
Melanin
Where is the stratum corneum located?
The thick epithelium of the palms and soles
What is a ‘greenstick fracture’?
Bone splinters longitudinally
Depolarization
- the reversal of changes, a force that brings about contraction, contraction, followed by repolarization
- when Na+ ions rush INTO the cell; NEGATIVE (-) OUTSIDE and POSITIVE (+) INSIDE
Sarcomeres
Thread like structures within the cells, extend from 1 end of the muscle to the other
What happens when there is a loss of nerve impulses to the muscle fibers?
Paralysis occurs
Impetigo
A contagious bacterial infection, pustules (pus containing lesions) that crust as they heal, found on neck, face, or shoulders
The sliding filament theory of muscle contraction
Thin and thick myofilaments move toward each other to cause muscle contraction
- A nerve Impulse causes depolarization of a muscle fiber
- this electrical change enables myosin filaments to pull actin filaments toward the center of the sarcomere, making the sarcomere shorter
- all the sarcomere shorten and the muscle fiber contracts
The epidermal cell type that is most numerous
Keratinocyte
A ‘pivot’ joint is found where?
Head and wrist
What muscle would be best for a large volume (IM) intramuscular injection?
Vastuslateralis
The gluteus medius muscle
The 5 regions of the spine
Cervical vertebrae Thoracic vertebrae Lumbar vertebrae Sacrum Coccyx
Skin color is determined by what?
Amount of blood in the tissues, pigments and O2 level of the blood
Melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin
A ‘prime mover’
The muscle responsible for the main action when a joint is moved/ for producing a particular movement
Where is ‘blood cell formation’ carried out?
Red bone marrow
If a nurse asks a patient with a fracture to ‘dorsiflex’, what body part is she/he assessing?
The foot
What is it called when hair falls out in patches?
Alopecia
Bersitis
Inflammation of the synovial fluid filled sac (Bursae) when overused
‘Hinge joints’ allow motion in how many directions?
Only one plane; two directions
Sensation of Touch and pressure are picked up by receptors located in the __________.
Dermis
Walking is an example of a ____________ contraction.
Isotonic (exercise)
What does the ‘motor unit’ consist of?
Neuromuscular junction, (electro) chemical impulses and muscle group and motor neuron
Polarization
(resting potential)
- the sarcolemma has a positive (+) charge outside and negative (-) charge inside
- ->Na+ ions MORE abundant OUTSIDE cell
The ‘stratum ______ contains many layers and continuously sheds.
Corneum
Synaptic cleft
The small space across which a nerve Impulse is transmitted by a neurotransmitter
Osteoporosis
Bones become porous b/c the matrix is lost, weakening the bones
(A condition in which the bone matrix is lost and not replaced, resulting in the weakened bones that are then more likely to fracture)
Another name for ‘dermal papillae’
Fingerprints
The fold of skin that hides the ‘root of the nail’
Cuticle
‘oxygen debt’
The depletion of oxygen in muscle cells during vigorous and prolonged exercise
(The state in which there is not enough oxygen to complete the process of aerobic cell respiration; lactic acid is formed which contributes to muscle fatigue)
What is the name of the shaft of the long bone?
The diaphysis
Why an you cut hair without causing pain?
B/c the shaft of the hair consists of dead cells
The ‘humerus’ articulates with the _______ (which is part of the scapula).
Calvicle
What gland gets plugged to form blackheads?
Sebaceous gland
Why would a tibia fracture take longer than normal to heal if there was a severe blood loss?
Poor blood supply
B/c we need good blood supply for healing
Atrophy
The decrease in size of a body part due to lack of use;a wasting
Is atrophy a benefit of regular exercise?
It is NOT a benefit. If you are regularly exercising you will DECREASE the risk of atrophy occurring.
Tendon
A fibrous connective tissue structure that connects muscle to bone
What regulates and directs bone growth during childhood?
Growth hormone, Sex hormone and thyroid hormone
Where are the sensory receptors for heat, cold, and itching found?
In the skin; Merkel cells
What produces ‘goosebumps’?
The arrector pili muscle
Produced by the pilomotor arrector pili muscle, that when stimulated by cold pull the hair follicles upright.
For animals with thick fur, this would trap air and provide greater insulation from the cold. However, people don’t have thick fur, so all this reaction does is result in ‘goosebumps’
What are the 3 small bones in the middle ear called?
Malleus, incus, and stapes
Latin for its shape: hammer/mallet, anvil, stirrup
What are the epidermal derivatives?
Sweat glands, sebaceous gland (excocrine glands), hair
The symptoms of a ‘ second degree burn’
-presents with a blister
-seen in scalding injuries
-sensitive to light touch
-invl. Epidermis and superficial prt. Of dermis
Heals:1-3 wks
