Anatomy And Physiology-lesson 1 Part 1 Flashcards
Body Organization
What are the 5 body cavities?
Cranial, spinal, thoracic, abdominal, pelvic cavity
In regards to the 5 body cavities, what organs are contained in them and what separates them.
Cranial and spinal–>lining and mengines
Thoracic - - >heart and lungs, plural membranes and pericardial membranes abdominal and pelvic cavities
–>protected by bones!!
Abdominal–> liver, stomach and intestines, peritoneum and mesentery
–>NOT protected by bones!!
Pelvic–>bladder and reproductive organs and covers free surfaces of several organs
Define homeostasis. What are it’s control mechanisms?
A state in which the internal environment of the body remains relatively stable by responding appropriately to changes.
It’s control mechanisms are…
How is the abdomen described for nursing assessments?
The 4 quadrants:RUQ, LUQ, RLQ, LLQ
right, left, upper, lower
Hypo
Slower
Hyper
Faster
What is the universal carrier of energy in the body?
ATP
Aerobic cellular respiration
Requires oxygen
Anaerobic
Does not require oxygen
Mitosis
Process of cell division in which one cell with the diploid # of chromosomes divides once to form 2 identical cells, each with the diploid # of chromosomes
Mieosis
Process of cell division where one cell with the diploid number of chromosomes divides twice to form 4 cells, each with the haploid # of chromosomes: forms gametes
Difussion
Movement of molecules from an area of GREATER concentration TO area of LESSER concentration
Active transport
Uphill movement of a substance thru a living cell membrane (lower conc. - - >higher conc.)
**Requires energy of ATP
Glutial region
Buttocks
Aduction
Movement to the midline of the body
Anticubital
The front of the elbow
What part of the body is a beef tenderloin?
Skeletal muscle
Isotonic
A solution with a Salt concentration equal to that in the cell (happy cell)
Hypotonic
A solution with a Salt concentration lower than the cell (burst cell)
Hypertonic
A solution with a Salt concentration HIGHER than that in cells
Name two types of cellular transport mechanisms.
Diffusion Osmosis Active transport Filtration Phagocytosis Pinocytosis
Osmosis
The Diffusion of water
Filtration
Movement of water and dissolved substances from an area of higher pressure to an area of lower pressure (blood pressure)
Phagocytosis
A MOVING cell engulfs something
Pinocytosis
A stationary cell engulfs something
State the phases of cell division
Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase
HDLs vs. LDLs
HDLs –>High density lipoproteins–>higher in protein, lower in cholesterol. “good”
LDLs –>Low density lipoproteins–>low in protein, high in cholesterol. “bad”
State whether the following muscle tissue are voluntary or involuntary:
- skeletal
- cardiac
- smooth
Skeletal–>voluntary
Cardiac–>invol.
Smooth–>invol.
The 3 types of membranes
Cutaneous(skin), mucous, serous
4 classes of connective tissue
Connective tissue proper
Cartilage
Bone tissue
Blood
State which is acidic, basic and neutral on the pH scale:
0 7 14
0-most acidic
7-neutral
14-most basic
Anatomy
Study of the body and the relationship among the parts
Physiology
Study of the functioning of the body and its parts
Pathophysiology
The study of diseases as they relate to functioning or the study of disorders of function
What are the 11 body systems?
Think of: MURDERS LINC. Circulatory Muscular Skeletal Integumentary Nervous Respiratory Urinary Endocrine Digestive Lymphatic Reproductive
The main function of connective tissue
Binding, supporting, protection, isolating
The heat generating tissue
Adipose tissue
Where is the Anticubital?
The front of the elbow
ATP
Adenosine Triphosphate
–>a universal energy carrier
The different types of squamous epithelial tissue
Simple and stratified
Role of adipose tissue
To store fat in microscopic droplets for long-term energy storage produces hormones involves
Homeostatic control systems.
Negative feedback–>has its own internal braking mechanism
And
Positive feedback–>requires an external event, “break”
What type of cells use Phagocytosis in the body?
White blood cells
Something not found the pelvic cavity
Stomach
Dorsal/posterior
Backside of the body
The Endocrine are ______.
Ductless
