Anatomy And Physiology-lesson 1 Part 1 Flashcards

Body Organization

1
Q

What are the 5 body cavities?

A

Cranial, spinal, thoracic, abdominal, pelvic cavity

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2
Q

In regards to the 5 body cavities, what organs are contained in them and what separates them.

A

Cranial and spinal–>lining and mengines
Thoracic - - >heart and lungs, plural membranes and pericardial membranes abdominal and pelvic cavities
–>protected by bones!!

Abdominal–> liver, stomach and intestines, peritoneum and mesentery
–>NOT protected by bones!!

Pelvic–>bladder and reproductive organs and covers free surfaces of several organs

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3
Q

Define homeostasis. What are it’s control mechanisms?

A

A state in which the internal environment of the body remains relatively stable by responding appropriately to changes.

It’s control mechanisms are…

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4
Q

How is the abdomen described for nursing assessments?

A

The 4 quadrants:RUQ, LUQ, RLQ, LLQ

right, left, upper, lower

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5
Q

Hypo

A

Slower

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6
Q

Hyper

A

Faster

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7
Q

What is the universal carrier of energy in the body?

A

ATP

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8
Q

Aerobic cellular respiration

A

Requires oxygen

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9
Q

Anaerobic

A

Does not require oxygen

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10
Q

Mitosis

A

Process of cell division in which one cell with the diploid # of chromosomes divides once to form 2 identical cells, each with the diploid # of chromosomes

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11
Q

Mieosis

A

Process of cell division where one cell with the diploid number of chromosomes divides twice to form 4 cells, each with the haploid # of chromosomes: forms gametes

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12
Q

Difussion

A

Movement of molecules from an area of GREATER concentration TO area of LESSER concentration

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13
Q

Active transport

A

Uphill movement of a substance thru a living cell membrane (lower conc. - - >higher conc.)

**Requires energy of ATP

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14
Q

Glutial region

A

Buttocks

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15
Q

Aduction

A

Movement to the midline of the body

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16
Q

Anticubital

A

The front of the elbow

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17
Q

What part of the body is a beef tenderloin?

A

Skeletal muscle

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18
Q

Isotonic

A

A solution with a Salt concentration equal to that in the cell (happy cell)

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19
Q

Hypotonic

A

A solution with a Salt concentration lower than the cell (burst cell)

20
Q

Hypertonic

A

A solution with a Salt concentration HIGHER than that in cells

21
Q

Name two types of cellular transport mechanisms.

A
Diffusion
Osmosis
Active transport
Filtration
Phagocytosis
Pinocytosis
22
Q

Osmosis

A

The Diffusion of water

23
Q

Filtration

A

Movement of water and dissolved substances from an area of higher pressure to an area of lower pressure (blood pressure)

24
Q

Phagocytosis

A

A MOVING cell engulfs something

25
Q

Pinocytosis

A

A stationary cell engulfs something

26
Q

State the phases of cell division

A

Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase

27
Q

HDLs vs. LDLs

A

HDLs –>High density lipoproteins–>higher in protein, lower in cholesterol. “good”

LDLs –>Low density lipoproteins–>low in protein, high in cholesterol. “bad”

28
Q

State whether the following muscle tissue are voluntary or involuntary:

  • skeletal
  • cardiac
  • smooth
A

Skeletal–>voluntary
Cardiac–>invol.
Smooth–>invol.

29
Q

The 3 types of membranes

A

Cutaneous(skin), mucous, serous

30
Q

4 classes of connective tissue

A

Connective tissue proper
Cartilage
Bone tissue
Blood

31
Q

State which is acidic, basic and neutral on the pH scale:

0 7 14

A

0-most acidic
7-neutral
14-most basic

32
Q

Anatomy

A

Study of the body and the relationship among the parts

33
Q

Physiology

A

Study of the functioning of the body and its parts

34
Q

Pathophysiology

A

The study of diseases as they relate to functioning or the study of disorders of function

35
Q

What are the 11 body systems?

A
Think of: MURDERS LINC. 
Circulatory
Muscular
Skeletal
Integumentary
Nervous
Respiratory
Urinary
Endocrine
Digestive 
Lymphatic
Reproductive
36
Q

The main function of connective tissue

A

Binding, supporting, protection, isolating

37
Q

The heat generating tissue

A

Adipose tissue

38
Q

Where is the Anticubital?

A

The front of the elbow

39
Q

ATP

A

Adenosine Triphosphate

–>a universal energy carrier

40
Q

The different types of squamous epithelial tissue

A

Simple and stratified

41
Q

Role of adipose tissue

A

To store fat in microscopic droplets for long-term energy storage produces hormones involves

42
Q

Homeostatic control systems.

A

Negative feedback–>has its own internal braking mechanism
And
Positive feedback–>requires an external event, “break”

43
Q

What type of cells use Phagocytosis in the body?

A

White blood cells

44
Q

Something not found the pelvic cavity

A

Stomach

45
Q

Dorsal/posterior

A

Backside of the body

46
Q

The Endocrine are ______.

A

Ductless