Lessons Flashcards
Define Non-Precision Approach?
A standard instrument approach in which only HORIZONTAL guidance is provided
35L Missed Approach Procedure
Climb to 3,000’ and turn Left to a heading of 230
17R Missed Approach Procedure
Climb to 3,000’ and turn Right heading 310
27R Missed Approach Procedure
Climb to 3,000’ and turn Right heading 030
9L Missed Approach Procedure
Climb to 4,000’ and turn Left heading 050
What are the 3 main types of Non-Precision Approaches?
- VOR
- Localizer
- GPS - LNAV
What is a Sidestep?
When you switch your approach to a PARALLEL runway!
What is a Circling approach?
When you switch you approach to an UNparallel runway!
What does 91.183 require?
That you are continuosly on frequency with ATC and must report:
- Time and Altitude when passing a point
- Unforecasted weather
- Any new info. related to the flight
What regulation refers to communication with ATC when you have a malfunction during flight?
91.187
What does 91.187 require?
During a malfunction you must tell ATC:
- What instruments you have lost
- Your ability to continue flying
- Desired assistance
What are the 2 main types of Precision Approaches?
- ILS (Localizer and Glideslope)
2. GPS - LPV (not considered precision by FAA, but can be used for training purposes)
What is the biggest deciding factor when determining what type of approach to fly?
WEATHER! (Because of Minimums)
What are the 4 parts of a Precision Approach?
- Initial -> Intermediate Segment
- Intermediate -> FAF
- FAF -> MAP (Minimums for decision)
- Missed Approach Segment
How do you calculate VDP? What approach use a VDP?
- Height above TDZE / 300
- Non-Precision!
What is LNAV?
Lateral (Azimuth) Navigation, no vertical guidance - Non Precision Approach
Non-Precision Approach Locations and cooresponding Callouts
- 1 NM prior to FAF….”Before Landing X-list compete, 100 knots”
- 0.5 NM prior to FAF….”Below 110, Flaps to 10, 90 knots”
- FAF (begin descent)
- 1,000’ above MDA….”1,000’ to Minimums, Instruments: Cross-Checked”
- 500’ above MDA….”500’ to Minimums, Cleared ___”
- 100’ above MDA….”100’ to Minimums”
- Minimums….”Minimums”
- VDP….”VDP” or “VDP No Contact”
- MAP….”Missed Approach Point, Go-Around, Flaps up”
Precision Approach Locations and cooresponding Callouts
- Within glideslope range….”Glideslope Alive”
- Prior to 1 Dot below Glideslope….”Before Landing X-list completed”
- 1/2 Dot below Glideslope…“Below 110, Flaps 10, 90 knots”
- Glideslope Intercept (FAF - begin descent)
- 1,000’ above DA….”1,000’ to Minimums, Instruments: Cross-Checked”
- 500’ above DA….”500’ to Minimums, Cleared ___”
- 100’ above DA….”100’ to Minimums”
- Minimums….”Minimums” or “No Contact, Go-Around, Flaps up”
- Final Descent to Land….”Final Check completed, ___ in sight”
Approach Speed categories and Circling Radiuses
A: 0-91 knots, 1.3 nm B: 91-121 knots, 1.5 nm C: 121-141 knots, 1.7 nm D: 141-166 knots, 2.3 nm E: 166+ knots, 4.5 nm
According to 91.175 (c) what 3 requirements must be met to operate under the DA or MDA?
- Remain in a continuous position to land
- Must have required visibility for the approach
- Must have the runway environment in sight (1 of 10 things)
What can you expect to see when Holding over a VOR?
TO/FR flag flip when going from inbound/outbound legs!
What are the 5 T’s of Holding?
Throttle (adjust for 100 knots - 3 mins from fix)
Turn
Talk (Established in the hold)
Time (usually VOR hold)
Twist (Heading bug - inbound/outbound courses)
~Track~
What are the 3 different entries you can make into a Hold?
Parallel
Direct
Teardrop
Explain how you would adjust for flying a holding pattern with wind?
x3 Rule
- WCA on the inbound leg is tripled for the outbound leg
- Goal is to get 1 min for the inbound leg!
What is the maximum Holding speed below 6000’?
200 KIAS!
When do you go missed during a Precision Approach?
When you’ve reached minimums and the runway is not in sight
When do you go missed during a Non-Precision Approach?
- At the VDP, maintain minimums if the runway is not in sight and go missed and the MAP
What direction do you turn to intercept the inbound course when executing a teardrop entry into a standard hold?
RIGHT
What direction do you turn to intercept the inbound course when executing a parallel entry into a standard hold?
LEFT
What controlled performance will you use for descents during non-precision IAPs?
Flaps: 10
Power: 1750
Pitch: -7
(-700fpm @ 90 KIAS)
What controlled performance will you use for descents during precision IAPs?
Flaps: 10
Power: 1900
Pitch: -5
(-500fpm @ 90 KIAS)
What controlled performance will you use for entering and flying a hold?
Power: 2300
Pitch: +2
(Level @ 100 KIAS)
What controlled performance will you use when slowing down 0.5 from the FAF?
Flaps: 10
Power: 2200
Pitch: -2
(Level @ 90 KIAS)
If you experience partial panel, what do you need to do?
Declare emergency! Tell ATC: 1. What instruments you've lost 2. Your ability to continue IFR 3. What assistance you need
What is the service volume of a localizer?
- 35 degrees for 10nm
- 10 degrees for 18nm
- Localizer Beam: 3-6 degrees, 700ft wide at runway threshold
When reaching the DH on an ILS approach, you see the APPROACH LIGHTING SYSTEM. What does this allow you to do?
- Allows you to descend down to 100’ AGL from the TDZE if the red terminating bars are visible
What are the weather minimums for CAT I ILS approach with all required ground and airborne system components operative?
- DH of 200’ and RVR of 2,400’
- With touchdown zone and centerline lighting, RVR of 1,800’
When do you use the Direct button?
For approaches that use DISTANCE measuring
When do you use the PROC button?
When the approach uses GPS/waypoints
Name 5 types of icing. What are the 3 most common types?
- Induction
- Structural
- Rime, Clear, and Mixed are most common!
What is the purpose of a STAR?
To transition IFR a/c from the en route segment, to a fix in the terminal area where an IAP can be conducted
According to 91.121 an a/c should use the current altimeter setting of a station along the route and within ____nm of the a/c
100 nm
What is the lost communication procedure (91.185)
AVEF (Route)
- Assigned
- Vectored
- Expected
- Filed
MEA (Altitude - the HIGHEST out of them all)
- MEA
- Expected
- Assigned
