lesson2 Flashcards
Impressionism
Salon des Refusés (protagonists)
in Italy: Realism and Verismo
the social art of the Macciaioli
The innovation of sculpture
Gemito
Vela
Medardo Rosso
Rodin
Impressionism
the subject of the painting is unnecessary
focus of colours / shapes
study light effects
Strongly influenced by photography
Artist :
Camile Corot
Gustave Courvet
Camile Corot
painted en plein air
surppressed the topographical detail -> mood / atmosphere
Gustave Courvet
a private commercial venture
Clearing away the rhetoric of academy painting
settled on composition (seemed collaged)
-> abandoned careful modelling (thick brocken flecks and slabs
Impressionism - 1874 - lauded by
Artist group called = the Anonymous Society of Painters, Sculptors, Printmakers
-> organised an exhibition in Paris INDEPENDENT form the official Salon
Claude Montes Impression, Sunrise , exhibition gave its the name
critics accused it of being a sketch or “impression” -> NOT A FINISHED PAINTING
Claude Monet 1840-1926
-> depicted landscape and leisure activities of Paris / Normandy coast
->unique style that strove to capture on canvas the very act of perceiving nature
-> large scale canvass out door = en plain air (reworked in his studio)
-> asymmetrical arrangements of form -> emphasised their tow dimensional surface (elimination linear perspective / three-dimensional modelling)
->vibrant brightness - using medicated colours , a range of tones for the shadows, light colour primers (not black like in tradition landscape paintings)
Monet Artworks
Poppies Bloming 1873
Rouen Cathedral 1892-93
Garden at Giverny 1900
Water Lilies 1918-1926
Rouen Cathedral 1892-93
- more than 30 views of Rouen Cathedral (throughout the day)
-facade painted with highly textured brushstrokes -> sculpted stone - makes the atmosphere / light palpable
-record of the artit’s subjective experience of light and atmosphere
Water Lilies 1918-1926
-ultimate expression of Claude Monet’s artistic ideas
-explores the variations of light
-painting are in elliptical rooms - gaze endless
-aestetic and poetic dimension - meditation
Edgar Degas 1834-1917
-rejected the term impressionist and preferred to be called realist
-reproduced not what the eye can see but what the memory has selected thought the filter of the Artis taste/ ideas
-little interest in painting en plain air landscaps -> scene of modern life in theatres and cafés (illuminated by artificial light)
- strong interest in ballet dancers -> studies to the movement of the human body
-interst in wide ragen of medial (engraving monotype, photography)
Edgar Degas Artwork
The Star 1876
Two Ballet Dancers 1879
Little Dancer Aged Fourteen 1879-81
The Tub 1886
Four Dancers 1900
Auguste Renoir 1841-1919
-had doubts about eh spontaneity and impermancence of impressonic aesthetic
-dedicatdt ot figure painting, portraits, nudes
Auguste Renoir artwork
Dance at Le moulin de la galette 1876
Madame Charpentier and her children 1878
Édouard Manet 1832-1983
-important figure in the tradition form Realism to Impressionism
-interest in modern subjects, plain air painting , bright colours, visual arresting cropping (photographs / Japanese prints)
en plain air painting
Monet
Degas
Manet
Édouard Manet artworks
Young Man in Costume of a major 1863
Déjouner sur l’herbe 1862-1863
olympia 1863
A Bar at the Folies-Bergère 1882
The Macchiaioli mid 1855’s
“macchia” = stia
rebellious artists (Florence)
-sketch technique to recored their initial impression of nature
-similar to the later French impressionists -> lush color, tonal contrast, spatial placements
-rebelled against the established art academy “finished paintings”, reference to biblical na history subjects
-> innovated the CHIAROSCURO method of enriching tonal expression and station depth relations in modern context
Giovanni Fattori 1825-1908
one of the leader of the group the Macchiaioli
-intial painted historical themes and military subject (soldiers)
-> one of the leading Italian plain-artist landscape painting - rural scene
-> social condition of his subjects
Giovanni Fattori artworks:
La rotonda dei bagni Palmieri 1866
In vedetta 1872
Il riposo 1887
The innovation in Sculpture
after 1861 - Italy sculptors sought for a realist approach
-new subjects and different techniques (similar to contemporary painters) -> Thick strokes / brocken flecks => convey light and make the figure move
Medardo Rosso 1858-1928
-protested against the tradition teaching methods
-preferred contemporary subjects: ordinary people, modern urban life
-bring sculpture closer to painting, achieve “dematerialisation” though light
Medardo Rosso artworks
Mother with child 1886
The Bookmaker 1894
Enfant à la Bouchée de Pain 1897
Ecce Puer 1906
François-Auguste Rodin 1840-1917
-deeply inspired by tradition -> use of various materials such as bronze, marble, plaster, clay
-yet rebuilt against its idealised form -> introducing innovative practices (gourd for modern sculpture)
-express inner thoughts of the human psyche
-focus on formal qualities and relationships (rather than narrative structure)
-retain the marks of the sculptural process
François-Auguste Rodin works
Flora 1865-1870
The age of Bronze 1875-1877
The Hand of god 1896
Monument to Balzac 1898
The Athlete 1904
The Gates of Hell 1880-1917
Monument to Balzac 1898
????
The Gates of Hell 1880-1917
-commissioned to create a set of bronze doors for a new museums in Paris
-Insprired by The Divine Comedy -> decorated doors with characters that Dante met on his fiction journey though hell
-> created a weightless, chaotic world (more than 200 figures, in pain and despair)
-defining project fo Rodin’s carrer
his plans to carve the work in marble never came to fruition
