Lesson 6 Flashcards
Pittura Metafisica 1916
Giorgio de Chirico 1888-1978
-visionary poetic use of imagery
-themes auch as nostalgia / Enigma / Myth
->radical reordering of perspective
-first to apply metaphysical to the Chiricos art
-1915 joined the regiment in Ferrara
-1919 revelation -> reconsider human figure and to make copies after old masters
-> series of portal with the metaphysical ideal
-1924 Paris - contact with Surrealists -> memory transformed an sublimated to become mythology
Giorgio de Chiro “The Deisquietign Muses” 1916
Filippo de Pisis 1886-1956
-painter -poet
1919 - Rome
1925 - Paris
-he used an emotional streak in poetry - translated well on the canvas
-best know for his cityscapes / Metaphysically-inspired maritime scenes / still lives (flowers)
-airy / in-the moment quality
-extravagant livestly
work: instinctive / animate marked by person and cultural reference
-> use of colour by the impressionist, while his sensuality / aseptic took him closer to the Ce Chirico and Surrealism
Giorgio Morandi 1890-1964
painter / draughtsman / printmaker
-> influenced by Impressionism ( Cézanne / Seurat)
-the use of light brushing
-tirelessly repainted the sea subjects : still lives in the studio
-sens of vulnerability
-in hoi composition the objects become central figures - enhanced silent life -> aspiration to harmony an clarity
-> value of intimacy
-paintings are metaphysical in atmosphere
Overview of Italy
Nationalistic goals begin to develop - 30’s
(by fascists und er Benito Mussolini)
-> art grate way to communicate to mass / promote Italy as Facist Nation
Main trends: Modernity / Tradition
Novecento: group of Italian artists form in 1922 (Milan) -> advocate to return to the great Italian representional art of the past
->founders: Safatti and other NOT until by common style BUT the will of renting Italian art
-reject European avant-garde movements
embrace Italy’s artist traditions
Astrattisti Comaschi: abstract artist for Como
-> rationalist architecture
->join abstract movement
AnitFascist of the Roma School of Painting and Corrente
-> avoided overtly nationalist themes
-no fixed program BUT was opposed to NOVECENTO in style
->using wild sort of painting: Expressionist / disorganised / violent
-> warm Horchre / reddish rones
V Triennale Milan 1933
Triennale aims the interaction between industry / manufacturing world and art / architecture
first exhibition 1933
Exhibition was of decorative art / architecture (modern dwsllignin the garden)
Organizer Gio Ponti (Triennale Italian Rationalism)
Mario Sironi (proposed mural)
-> celebration of the Italian (fascist) creativity
Mario Sironi 1885-1971
-met Boccioni / Severini ; committed with Balla - development of the futurist theories
(joined them later 1914)
after war - attracted by revolutionary ideals of fascism -> joined
1922 the illustration / coordinator too the “Popolo d’Italia”
-he form the Novecento 1922
-believed art was to be public
Arturo Martini 1889-1947
-leading Italian sculptor (WW1 - WW2)
-moved between (ancient Roman) classicism and Modernism
-worked with many materials
-stayed close to figuration
archaic tendency / tow dimensionality / polychrome effects -> more tradition style (with an irony)
-semi-official sculptor of the fascist regime
Casa del Fascio - Como 1932-1936
-work of Italian rationalist architect Giuseppe Terragni (under regime of Mussolini)
-was originally constructed with a primary view of functioning as San elegant “ set piece” for mass Fascist rallies
-frescoed with abstract paintings
Mario Radice 1898-1987
leading exponents of the gourd of abstract artist form Como
-work oriented toward constructivist / architectural abstraction
-interest in avant-garde
-original Italian Approach to abstraction - classically harmonious / solidly architectural -> staving form harmony
-cult of geometric proportion / compositional rigorous (colours = colours ; forms = forms )
Roman School of Paining and Corrente
Mexican Mural Movement
???
Diego Rivera (Mexican) 1886-1957
-most important figure in the Mexican Mural Movement
-new iconography based on socialist ideas
-exalted the indigenous and popular heritage in Mexican culture
-used simpler / bold modelling
-relate the content of his murals to the external world by some system of symbolism based on the physical orientation of the murals
-intellectual openness (mathematics / science / humanties)
not extreme in his politics / persona opinions
was not committed too the Communist Party
-idiosyncratic fusion of Renaissance / academic / modernist / indigenous Mexican techniques -> created a humanistically / aesthetically responsible socialist iconography
Surrealist 1924
-pioneered maily in Paris
-leadershio of André Breton ( manifest du surréalisme)
-vision of unexpected poetic combination of objects
-written world exported by Sigma Fried (dream-work) - relationship of the unconscious / psychic automatism
-inspired by Symbolism / Giorgio de Chirico’s metaphysical paintings
-> art of pure imagination
-hallucinatory ecpericen
Salvator Dahli / Max Ernst / Frida Kahlo / Pail Klee / Pablo Picasso / Man Ray
Max Ernst 1891-1976
-major contributor to the theory / practice of surrealism
-collage is zentral in his work
-painting do not employ collage BUT their composition is base on the collage principle
-> evading conventional expression of authorial intention - concept of automatism
Max Erste “Old Man, and Flower” 1923-24
Max Ernst “ The Entire City” 1934
Salvator Dalì 1904-1989
-paranoiac critical method
-> unterstand of paranoia - destabilising the world -> every the viewer saw was potentially something else
-dependance of hidden meanings (Sigmund Freud understanding) -> dreams are expressions of unconscious desires
-developed a object - petition embodiment of Surrealist principals = symbolically function object
René Magritte (belgian) 1898-1967
-major figures of Surrealism
-very friendly with poets and writers
-> evoking mystery
turned away form early Cubist-Futurist
-> explored way of creating poetic / disturbing effect by depicting recognisable objects in alien settings - juxtapositions / combinations of objects / inversion of scale …
-the question technique should not distract eh viewer ( immaculate with the finish)
René Magritte “ The Treachery of Images” 1928-1929
Ceci n’est pas une pipe
Joan Mirò (spanish) 1893-1983
-never closely aligned with ANY movement
-relationship between art and nature
briefly painted in Fauves manner (strong, bright colours)
-> introduced meticulousness / press ions of drawing
1929-1931 he south to break all conventions -> the murder of paintings -> began producing collages / sculptures with unusual materials
Combined humour with composition freedom
relied both on intuition and meticulous / ration examination form
Marc Chagall 1887-1985
-associated with several major artistic styles
-synthesising elements of Cubism / Symbolism / Fauvism
predated Surrealism’s an artic expression of psychic reality
-created works in nearly every artistic medium
1910 - moved to Paris (Cubism / Fauvism)
1914 - back to Russia
after WW1 back to Paris
Turin WW2 to US
traveld widly
New Realism
??
Degenerate Art
used by the Nazis in Germany form the 1920’s = art that did not fall into lien with the art policies of National socialism
battle against “foreign infiltration” ( Überfremdung) of art
-> Nazis directly again avant-garde tendency (national / international)
