Lesson 5 Flashcards
Dadaism 1916-1924
-launched in Zurich (independent group in New York, Berlin, Paris)
-Artistic and literary movement
-united not by common style but by a rejection conventions in art through many forms
-Dada - anti-rationalism (multilingual, childish and nonsensical connotations
-ended with a gourd in Paris in 1923 (although some continued as they we’re unwilling to join Surrealism 1924)
Marcel Duchamp 1887-1968
-conceptual approach to the art-making process
-he connected the “ready-made”
-he refused to accept the standards and practices of an established art system
-“Bicycle Wheel” was the fist Ready-made (an existing manufactured object deemed to be a work of art simply thought its selection by an artist) (Duchamp didn’t relay agree)
Marcel Duchamp artworks:
Nude Descending a Staircase 1912
Bicycle Wheel 1913
Fountain 1917
Emmanuel Radnitzky 1890-1976
-> Man Ray
-leading spirits of Dadaism / Surrealism
-flatness of modern abstraction in a stereo of paints and collages
-1922 exploits his person variant of the photogram = Rayograoh (producing images directly form object on photo-sensitive paper)
-as a photographer he maid the create impact on the 20th-century
-experimented with Sabattier
-substantial contributions to avant-garde film
Collage
-technique incorporation the use of pre-existing materials or objects attached as part of a tow-demential surface
-made use of the Objet Trouvé
-in sculpture in form of Assemblage
-fist by Picasso “ Still-life with chair caning”
-Dadaists used photographs and newspaper sitting in a political satirical and social critical fashion = Photomontage
Object Trouvé
-existing objects, manufactured or of natural origin used in / as works of art.
-Exception = Ready made - objects presented units Owen without mediation
Object trouvé is most often used as raw marital in an Assemblage with juxtapositions a guiding principle
Abstraction ??
imagemaking -> only some of the visual elects usually ascribed to “ the natural world” are extracted
a non-representational painting is abstract in that it lacke a certain function or feature
-it is not a lack of deprivation but a purification
-showing rather than saying
-a work is abstract is to say only that it doesn’t resent and is not even representational so “ Abstract” is often combined with another therm that indicates a primary function of feature of work as for example in Abstract Expressionist
Wassily Kandinsky 1866-1944
early works: scenes of knights / riders / romantic fairytales (reminiscence of Russia)
-distinct style of painting motifs were still recognisable -> later more abstract => emphasising the synthesis of color, lien and form (over straight forward representation)
-shift away form landscape painting towards abstraction
1909 fist Improvisation
1910 first Composition
1911 first Impressions
(abstract categories - from musical terminology)
-emphasized effect of color, associative properties of specific colours, analogies between certain hues and the sounds of musical instruments
-1911 he and Marc prepare “Der Blaue Reiter Almanach”
Wassily Kandinsky “ compositie VIII” 1923
predilection for geometric forms - clearly articulated during the Bauhaus period (1922-1932)
->combination biomorphic and geometric forms as the basis for an abstract style
Suprematism 1915
-new system of art
-the supremacy of this new art in relation the past
-purely aesthetic -> Form (free from any political or social meaning)
-Purity of shape => especially of the square
->exploration visual langues
-black square as a backdrop, hung across the corner of the separate room = essential Suprematist work
-El Lissitzky converted to Suprematism -> opened the way to Suprematist design
->impact on the development of abstract art in the Soviet Union and in wrested Europe
Kazimir Malevich 1878-1935
-one of the pioneers of abstract art
-first he painted many Post-Impressionist landscapes
-1909 began to paint peasant subjects -> stylisation related to Cubism -> paintings of still-life and figures = Cubo-Futurist style
1915 - completely abstract style = Suprematism (geomatics elements rin relationship suggestion flotation, filing, ascending)
-abandoning painting -> Suprematist architectural works
Kazimir Malevich “Black Square” 1915
black square as a backdrop, hung across the corner of the separate room = essential Suprematist work
Constructivism 1921 (in the 20th-century)
-paintings, sculptures, photography, design, architecture, theatre, film
-Term coined by Russian artist
-artists who sought to move beyond the autonomous art object, extending the formal language of abstract art into practical design work
->followed the October revolution 1917 - embodying the social needs / values of the new Communist order
->Western art most vital form around 1922 until the end to the 1920’s (primarily in Germany)
-work in the tradition artistic media (painting / sculpture) - experimenting with film and photography
-continuing tradirono geometric abstract art - constructed form autonomous visual elements (line / planes )
Vladimir Tatlin “Monument to the Third International” 1919-1924
??
Neo-Plasticism 1919
-coined by Piet Mondrain
-descriptive term applied to Mondrian’s theory of art and to his style of painting
-> grid delineated by black lines was filled with blocks primary colour
-applies to all aspects of design that were part of daily life
-reduced to a few essential expressive means : horizontal / vertical lines ; primary colours: Black / white
-no distance school of Neo plasticity ever existed
-style spread to the USA (1940) -> member of the American abstract artists
Piet Mondiran 1872-1944
-pioneer of abstract art
-landscape picture -> geometric abstract works
-more vivid colours - pointillist style
-1908 some Symbolist character
-living in Paris -> influenced by Cubism => abstraction
-back to Holland -> more simplified abstract style = Neo-Plasticism
-joined the group Abstraction-Création 1931
-Lodon 1938
-New York 1940 -> more colourful style ( coloured lines / syncopated rhythms)
-part of De Stiijl
Piet Mondrian “ Red Tree” 1908
Piet Mondrain “Tree” 1911
Piet Mondrain “Blue Tree” 1911
Piet Mondrain “Flowering Apple Tree” 1912
Piet Mondrain “Trees in Blossom” 1912
Piet Mondrain “Victory Boogie Woogie” 1942-1944
De Stijl 1917-1932
-Dutch periodical founded by The Van Doesburg
-used principle of visual / conceptual perception -> basis for interiors, houses
-switches form Mondrian’s ethereal art to supposedly practical application
-experimenting with the four dimensions -> tesseracts = cubes in 4D space = show the importance of science
-some designer convinced - new styl for a rationing absolutely modern world
Abstract Sculpture
2 kinds fo Nonrepresentatioanl sculpture
Abstract sculpture -> uses nature not as object matter but as a source of formal ideas -> nature serve as a starting pin for a kin of creative play - the end product of which may bear little or no resemblance to the original source
Nonobjective sculpture -> does not even have a starting point in nature - constructive manipulation the sculptors generalised abstract ideas
Abstract Sculpture also the branches
Biomorphic sculpture
Formalism
Minimalism
Process / Conceptual sculpture
Installations
Biomorphic sculpture
-abstract art -> a form that is irregularly / organic
-derived form shapes found in nature
-> frequently found in Surrealist art
Formalism sculpture
emphasises the form / structural qualities
Minimalist sculture
eliminate self-expression -
-using geometrical shapes / unmodulated colours
=> pure self-referential forms
Conceptual sculptures
-emphasis the communication of the idea behind the work
-emphasis on the artificers resulting from the process of creation
Installation art
incorporates almost any media to create a visceral / conception experience in a particular environment
Abstract Sculpture
Alecander Alder 1898-1976
-wood / wire animal with movable parts
-> first peace of his miniature Circus
1927-1930 -> figures / animals / portrait heads in wire
-> inspired by Mondrain -> abstract constructions => Mobile
->biomorphic forms (geometric elements / machine imagery)
=> Constructivism (derived form Surrealist imagery)
-bold abstract elements in primary colours
Abstract Sculpture
Jean Arp 1886-1966
-one of the founders of Dadaism
-participated acutely in both Surrealism / Constructivism
-transformed people into object -> object became humanised
-Surrealism accentuated the intuitive / absurd / dream-like aspect of his work -> free association - unusual method / materials
Constructive groups - straight liens / sharp angles notches
-preferred his sculptures not to be mounted on the base -> simply take there place in nature (some of them without a predetermined orientation
Abstract Sculpture
Henry Moore 1898-1986
-most important British sculptor
-> human figure as his mental subject
-borrowed form diverse cultural traditions -> rescue with the art of the past
-> direct carving - “Truth to material”
Bauhaus 1919-1933
-German school of art - design / architecture
-founded by Walter Gropius - active in Weimar / Dessau / Berlin
-> closed down by Nazi authorities
-> Functionalism in architecture -> unified academies
-promotion closer cooperation between the prate of fine / applied art / architecture
Bauhaus
Paul Klee 1879-1940
-grate interest in music / painting
-1912 included in the Blaue Raider exhibition
-> grew interest in colour
-mater of humour / mystery -> naive / untutored quality
-taught the elemental design theory
Bauhaus
László Moholy-Nagy 1895-1946
-abstract painter, designer …
->influenced of Malevich
-experimental photography
-1930 painting incorporation plastics
->relationship between space / time / light
-“Light-Space Modulator”
Bauhaus
Wassily Kandisky 1866-1944
workshops of abstract form elects and analytical drawing
-published important book “Point and lien to Plane”
