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Toefl One > Lesson Seven > Flashcards

Lesson Seven Flashcards

1
Q

Aversion

A

N: feeling of dislike or reluctance

Example:
-he has an aversion to moving fast and working hard.
-she has a deep aversion to getting up in the morning.

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2
Q

Cogent

A

Adj: Compelling or convincing; forcible; persuasive and well expressed

Example:
-he makes a cogent argument for improving early childhood education
-the lawyer’s cogent arguments convinced the jury

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3
Q

Forcible

A

Adj: forcible actions involve the use of physical power or of violence

Example: the police’s forcible entry into the building has come under a lot of criticism

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4
Q

Evince

A

V: show clearly that one has a feeling, quality, etc.

Example: a dog evinces its dislike of strangers by growling

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5
Q

Gist

A

N: the most important pieces of information about something, or general information without detail

Example:
-got the gist: we got the gist, but not every word.
-the gist of: I don’t have time to read the report, can you give me the gist of it.
- for gist: reading for gist requires less detailed comprehension.

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6
Q

Inevitable

A

Adj: certain to happen and unable to be avoided or prevented

Example: the accident was the inevitable consequence/result/outcome of carelessness

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7
Q

Intrinsic

A

Adj: being an extremely important and basic characteristic of a person or thing

Example:
-the intrinsic value of a dollar bill is only that of a paper
-math is an intrinsic part of the school curriculum.

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8
Q

Gettison

A

V: to get rid of something or someone that is not wanted or needed

Example: the station has jettisoned educational broadcasts

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9
Q

Missile

A

N: a flying weapon that has its own engine so that it can travel a long distance before exploding at the place that it has been aimed at

Example: missile attacks on the capital resumed at dawn

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10
Q

Lethargic

A

Adj: having little energy; feeling unwilling and unable to do anything; lazy or indifferent; sluggish

Example: I was feeling tired and lethargic

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11
Q

Mold

A

V: shape or form(character, behavior, etc)

Example: television plays a dominant role in molding public opinion

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12
Q

Paramount

A

Superior to all others, more important than anything else

Example:
-there are my priorities, but reducing the budget deficit is paramount/is of paramount importance
-truth is of paramount importance to an honest person

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13
Q

Prevalent

A

Adj: widespread; widely or commonly occurring or existing

Example:
-these diseases are more prevalent among young children
-colds are prevalent in the winter

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14
Q

Rebuke

A

V: to speak angrily to someone because you disapprove of what they have said or done.

Example:
-I was rebuked by my manager for being late.
-he was publicly rebuked by the committee for ignoring club rules

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15
Q

Remiss

A

Adj: careless and not doing a duty well enough; negligent or careless in performance of duty

Example:
-you have been remiss in your duties.
-a policeman who lets a thief escape is remiss in his duty

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16
Q

Sensationalize

A

V: make an event, affair, etc. Seem more shocking or worse than it really is

Example: they were accused of sensationalizing the story

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17
Q

Abortive

A

Adj: an abortive attempt or plan has to be stopped because it has failed

Example:he made two abortive attempts on the French throne

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18
Q

Rebellion

A

N:violent action organized by a group of people who are trying to change the political system in their country

Example: the government has brutally crushed the rebellion

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19
Q

Superficial

A

Adj: relating to what is only apparent; not profound

Example: they just made superficial efforts to restore peace to the region

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20
Q

Susceptible

A

Adj: easily influenced or harmed by something; easily influenced; likely to allow or be affected by something

Example:
-these plants are particularly susceptible to frost
-among particularly susceptible children, the disease can develop very fast

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21
Q

Terse

A

Adj: effectively concise; brief and to the point; using few words, sometimes in a way that seems rude or unfriendly

Example:
-“are you feeling any better?””NO!” Was the terse reply
-epitaphs are usually terse and witty

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22
Q

Epitaph

A

N: a short piece of writing or a poem about a dead person, especially one written in their gravestone

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23
Q

Witty

A

Adj: using words in a clever and funny way

Example:
-a witty comment/remark
-he was witty and very charming

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24
Q

Transient

A

Adj: lasting for only a short time; temporary

Example:
-Motels cater primarily to tourists and other transient guests
-a glass of whisky has only a transient warming effect

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25
Q

Tussle

A

V: struggle; to have difficult disagreements or strong arguments

Example:
-the residents are still tussling over the ever-scarcer street parking
-we had a real tussle with the travel agent to get our money refunded

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26
Q

Vogue

A

N: brief but intense popularity

Example:
-that song had a great vogue at one time
-in the 1930s, short hair for women became the vogue

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27
Q

Distortion

A

N:the action of giving a misleading account or impression; a change to the intended or true meaning of something

Example: we’re tired of the media’s continuing distortion of our issues

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28
Q

Decisive

A

Adj: able to make decisions quickly and confidently, or showing this quality

Example:
-You need to be more decisive.
-a decisive reply

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29
Q

flatter

A

V: to praise someone in order to make them feel attractive or important, sometimes in a way that is not sincere

Example: I knew he was only flattering me because he wanted to borrow some money.

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30
Q

Flatten

A

V: to become level or cause something to become level

Example: Several trees were flattened (= knocked down) by the storm

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31
Q

Neutral

A

Adj: not saying or doing anything that would encourage or help any of the groups involved in an argument or war

Example: If there’s an argument between my daughter and her mother, it’s important that I remain neutral.

32
Q

Disinterested

A

Adj: having no personal involvement or receiving no personal advantage, and therefore free to act fairly

Example:
-a disinterested observer/judgment
-a piece of disinterested advice

33
Q

Attentive

A

Adj: listening carefully; If someone is attentive, they are very helpful and take care of you

Example:
-an attentive audience
-attentive to: He was very attentive to her when she was ill.
-A good teacher is always attentive to their students’ needs.

34
Q

Publicity

A

N: the activity of making certain that someone or something attracts a lot of interest or attention from many people, or the attention received as a result of this activity

Example:
He attracted a lot of adverse/bad publicity with his speech about unmarried mothers.

35
Q

Initiative

A

N: the ability to use your judgment to make decisions and do things without needing to be told what to do

Example:
-show initiative: Although she was quite young, she showed a lot of initiative and was promoted to manager after a year.
-use initiative: I shouldn’t always have to tell you what to do, use your initiative (= use your own judgment to decide what to do)!

36
Q

Preferably

A

Adv: if possible

Example:
Water the plants twice a week, preferably in the morning

37
Q

Indecisive

A

Adj: not good at making decisions

Example:
He is widely thought to be an indecisive leader.

38
Q

Cast

A

V: to throw something

Example:
The knight cast the sword far out into the lake.

39
Q

Emanate

A

V: come forth, as from a source; issue; originate

Example: Angry voices emanated from the next room.

40
Q

Groundless

A

Adj: without a reason, cause, or argument

Example:
-Your concerns are groundless.
-he had groundless doubt on our traditional beliefs

41
Q

Grounds

A

N: the foundation or basis for an argument, belief, etc.

Example: he had to retire on grounds of ill health

42
Q

Indeterminacy

A

N: the state of not being measured, counted, or clearly known

Example:
-A sort of moral indeterminacy has always been at the centre of his art.
-He is bothered by the indeterminacy that quantum theory ascribes to the physical world.

43
Q

ascribe something to something

A

Parasal verb: to believe or say that something is caused by something else.

Example: To what do you ascribe your phenomenal success?

44
Q

minuscule

A

Adj: extremely small

Example:
All she gave him to eat was two minuscule pieces of toast.

45
Q

Postulate

A

V: to suggest a theory, idea, etc. as a basic principle from which a further idea is formed or developed; assume as a premise or axiom; take for granted

Example:
It was the Greek astronomer, Ptolemy, who postulated that the earth was at the centre of the universe

46
Q

Axiom

A

N: a formal statement or principle in mathematics, science, etc., from which other statements can be obtained.

Example:
Euclid’s axioms form the foundation of his system of geometry.

47
Q

Preordain

A

V: (especially of a power thought to be greater than ordinary people) to decide or fix what will happen in a way that cannot be changed or controlled

Example:
His life seems to have followed a preordained path/direction.

48
Q

Decree

A

V: to officially decide or order that something must happen.

Example:
-They decreed an end to discrimination on grounds of age.
-After the earthquake, the government decreed that all new buildings must be built according to the new standards.

49
Q

Preordained

A

Adj: predestined; ordered or decreed in advance

50
Q

Unerringly

A

Adv: without error

Example: The ball went unerringly into the hole.

51
Q

Discretion

A

N: the freedom to decide what should be done in a particular situation

Example:
-she knew she could rely on his discretion
-it is up to local authorities to use their discretion in setting the charges

52
Q

Inclination

A

N: a feeling that you want to do a particular thing, or the fact that you prefer or are more likely to do a particular thing

Example: We should be basing our decisions on solid facts, not inclinations and hunches.

53
Q

Hunch

A

N: an idea that is based on feeling and for which there is no proof

Example:
I had a hunch that you’d be here.

54
Q

Amity

A

N: a good relationship

Example:
The two groups had lived in perfect amity for many years before the recent troubles.

55
Q

Animosity

A

N: strong dislike, opposition, or anger

Example:
Of course we’re competitive, but there’s no personal animosity between us.

56
Q

Panacea

A

N: something that will solve all problems or cure all illnesses

Example:
Books are not meant to be a panacea for an illness or loss.

57
Q

Protagonist

A

N: one of the main characters in a story or a play; the leading(first) character in a play, novel, or story; an important supporter of an idea or political system

Example:
Key protagonists of the revolution were hunted down and executed

58
Q

Pandemonium

A

N: a situation in which there is a lot of noise and confusion because people are excited, angry, or frightened

Example:
Pandemonium reigned in the hall as the unbelievable election results were read out.

59
Q

Reign

A

V: to be the main feeling or quality in a situation or person

Example:
The bomb attacks produced a panic which reigned over the city

60
Q

Protozoan

A

N: animal consisting only of a single cell(“first animal”)

Example:
-Amoebas are protozoans.
-Protozoans reproduce by splitting into two.

61
Q

Prototype

A

N: first or original model of anything; model; pattern

Example: a prototype for/of a new car

62
Q

Pantomime

A

N: dramatic performance that is all signs and gestures without words

63
Q

Affinity

A

N: a close similarity between two things; kinship; sympathy; liking; attraction

Example:
There are several close affinities between the two paintings.

64
Q

Unilateral

A

Adj: one -sided; undertaken by one side only

Example: a unilateral action

65
Q

Equilateral

A

Adj: having all sides equal

Example: an equilateral triangle

66
Q

Finale

A

N: end or final part of a musical composition, opera, play, etc.

Example: In summer, outdoor concerts, frequently with firework finales, take place in the gardens.

67
Q

Definitive

A

Adj: firm, final, and complete; not to be questioned or changed.

Example:
There is no definitive scientific evidence that coffee is harmful

68
Q

Collateral

A

N: situated at the side; accompanying; parallel; additional

Example:after voting for the road building program, the legislature took up the collateral issue of how to raise the necessary funds.

69
Q

Legislature

A

N: the group of people in a country or part of a country who have the power to make and change laws

70
Q

Magnanimous

A

Adj: showing greatness or nobility of mind; forgiving; generous

Example: The team’s manager was magnanimous in victory, and praised the losing team.

71
Q

Equanimity

A

N: evenness of mind or temper; calmness; composure; a calm mental state, especially after a shock or disappointment or in a difficult situation

Example:
-with equanimity: He received the news of his mother’s death with remarkable equanimity.
-Three years after the tragedy she has only just begun to regain her equanimity.

72
Q

Unanimous

A

Adj: If a group of people are unanimous, they all agree about one particular matter or vote the same way, and if a decision or judgment is unanimous, it is formed or supported by everyone in a group; of one mind; in complete accord

Example:
-The jury returned a unanimous verdict of guilty after a short deliberation.
-After a lengthy discussion we reached a unanimous decision on the proposal.
-The new format has unanimous support.

73
Q

Enamored

A

Adj: inflamed with love; charmed; captivated

Example: Not everyone is enamored of steak

74
Q

Amicable

A

Adj: characterized by friendliness rather than antagonism; friendly

Example: His manner was perfectly amicable, but I felt uncomfortable.

75
Q

Antagonism

A

N: hate, extreme unfriendliness, or active opposition to someone

Example:
There’s a history of antagonism between the two teams.

Toefl One (3 decks)

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