Lesson Eight

Question 1

Afflict

Answer 1

V: to make someone or something suffer physically or mentally

Example:He was afflicted with severe asthma.

Question 2

Toll

Answer 2

N: suffering, deaths, or damage

Example:Independent sources say that the death toll from the earthquake runs into thousands.

Question 3

Think something out

Answer 3

Phrasal verb: to consider all the possible details of something

Example:Their strategy for handling the deal was very carefully thought out.

Question 4

Congenital

Answer 4

Adj: A congenital disease or condition exists at or from birth

Example: a congenital abnormality/disease

Question 5

German measles

Answer 5

N: an infectious disease that causes red spots on your skin, a cough, and a sore throat

Question 6

Retard

Answer 6

V: to make something slower

Example:Reductions in pollution levels could retard global warming.

Question 7

Paralysis

Answer 7

N: a condition in which you are unable to move all or part of your body because of illness or injury

Example:Some nervous disorders can produce paralysis.

Question 8

Spinal cord

Answer 8

N: the set of nerves inside the spine that connect the brain to other nerves in the body

Question 9

Parasite

Answer 9

N: an animal or plant that lives on or in another animal or plant of a different type and feeds from it

Example;The older drugs didn’t deal effectively with the malaria parasite.

Question 10

Devastating

Answer 10

Adj: causing a lot of damage or destruction

Example:If the bomb had exploded in the main shopping area, it would have been devastating.

Question 11

Deficient

Answer 11

Adj: not good enough

Example:His theory is deficient in several respects.

Question 12

Corresponding

Answer 12

Adj: similar to, connected with, or caused by something else

Example:
-Company losses were 50 percent worse than in the corresponding period last year.
-As the course becomes more difficult, there’s usually a corresponding drop in attendance.

Question 13

Suffice

Answer 13

V: to be enough

Example:I’m taking $400 - I think that should suffice.

Question 14

Mediocre

Answer 14

Adj: not very good

Example:
-The film’s plot is predictable and the acting is mediocre.
-Parents don’t want their children going to mediocre schools.

Question 15

Intimidate

Answer 15

V: to frighten or threaten someone, usually in order to persuade them to do something that you want them to do

Example:They were intimidated into accepting a pay cut by the threat of losing their jobs.

Question 16

Epoch

Answer 16

N: a long period of time, especially one in which there are new developments and great change

Example:
-The president said that his country was moving into a new epoch, which would be one of lasting peace.

Question 17

Implement

Answer 17

V: to start using a plan or system

Example:The changes to the national health system will be implemented next year.

Question 18

Enigma

Answer 18

N: someone or something that is mysterious and impossible to understand

Example:He is an enigma to most people.

Question 19

Drill

Answer 19

V: to tell someone something repeatedly to make them remember it

Example:
-be drilled into: It was drilled into us at an early age that we should always say “please” and “thank you”.
-drill someone in something: He drilled the children in what they should say.

Question 20

Irksome

Answer 20

Adj: annoying

Example:The vibration can become irksome after a while.

Question 21

Remedial

Answer 21

Adj: A remedial action is intended to correct something that is wrong or to improve a bad situation

Example:
-to take urgent/immediate remedial action
-The bill requires owners to undertake remedial work on dilapidated buildings.

Question 22

Adolescent

Answer 22

N: a young person who is developing into an adult

Question 23

Exhilarate

Answer 23

Adj: very excited and happy

Example:At the end of the race I was exhilarated.

Question 24

Disconcerted

Answer 24

Adj: worried by something and uncertain

Example:I was a little disconcerted by his reply.

Question 25

Fervor

Answer 25

N: strong and sincere beliefs Example: -The country was swept by patriotic fervor. -nationalist/religious fervor

Question 26

Ingenious

Answer 26

Adj: (of a person) very intelligent and skilful, or (of a thing) skilfully made or planned and involving new ideas and methods Example: -an ingenious idea/method/solution -Johnny is so ingenious - he can make the most remarkable sculptures from the most ordinary materials.

Question 30

Badge

Answer 30

N: a small piece of metal or plastic with words or a picture on it, that you carry with you or fasten to your clothing or something else, in order to show who you are, that you are a member of a group, etc. Example: -Everyone at the conference wore a badge with their name on . -Don't forget to display your ID badge.

Question 31

Timber

Answer 31

N: lumbering; trees that are grown so that the wood from them can be used for building Example: -a timber forest -These trees are being grown for timber.

Question 33

Inhibit

Answer 33

V: to prevent someone from doing something by making them feel nervous or embarrassed Example: -be inhibited (from): Some workers were inhibited (from speaking) by the presence of their managers.

Question 34

Proliferation

Answer 34

N: the fact of something increasing a lot and suddenly in number or amount Example: -The past two years have seen the proliferation of TV channels. -nuclear weapons proliferation

Question 35

Comb

Answer 35

V: to search a place or an area very carefully in order to find something Example: -comb somewhere for something: The police combed the whole area for evidence. -comb through: Investigators combed through the wreckage.

Question 36

Sawmill

Answer 36

N: a factory where trees are cut up into pieces with machines

Question 37

Substantial

Answer 37

Adj: large in size, value, or importance Example: -The findings show a substantial difference between the opinions of men and women. -She inherited a substantial fortune from her grandmother. The first draft of his novel needed a substantial amount of rewriting.

Question 38

Absorb

Answer 38

V: 1. to take something in, especially gradually Example: -be absorbed into: Our countryside is increasingly being absorbed into large cities. -The drug is quickly absorbed into the bloodstream. 2. if a business absorbs the cost of something, it pays that cost easily Example: -The school has absorbed most of the expenses so far, but it may have to offer fewer places next year to reduce costs.

Question 39

Prejudice

Answer 39

N: an unfair and unreasonable opinion or feeling, especially when formed without enough thought or knowledge Example: -racial prejudice: Laws against racial prejudice must be strictly enforced.

Question 40

Contention

Answer 40

N: an opinion expressed in an argument Example: It is her contention that exercise is more important than diet if you want to lose weight.

Question 41

Out of hand

Answer 41

Idiom: If you refuse something out of hand, you refuse it completely without thinking about or discussing it Example:Moving to London is certainly a possibility - I wouldn't dismiss it out of hand.

Question 42

Predisposition

Answer 42

N: the state of being likely to behave in a particular way or to suffer from a particular disease Example: -She has an annoying predisposition to find fault. -There is evidence that a predisposition to(wards) asthma runs in families.

Question 43

Proposition

Answer 43

N: an offer or suggestion, usually in business Example: -He wrote to me last week regarding a business proposition he thought might interest me. -I've put my proposition to the company director for his consideration

Question 44

Prerequisite

Answer 44

N: something that must exist or happen before something else can exist or happen Example:Introductory physics is a prerequisite for any of the advanced courses in physics.

Question 45

Partiality

Answer 45

N: an unfair preference for one person or group over another Example:Some parents complained about the partiality of the teacher toward certain students.

Question 48

Aboriginal

Answer 48

N: a member of a race of people who were the first people to live in a country, before any colonists arrived Example:The river was once a trade route for aboriginals and fur traders who built communities along its bank.

Question 49

Oriented

Answer 49

Adj: directed towards or interested in something Example: Countries with more globally oriented economies have higher levels of information technology investment.

Question 50

Subsistence

Answer 50

N: the state of having what you need in order to stay alive, but no more Example: -The money is intended to provide a basic subsistence and should not be paid to someone who receives other income. -The family was living at subsistence level.

Question 51

Hide

Answer 51

N: the strong, thick skin of an animal, used for making leather

Question 52

Sinew

Answer 52

N: a tendon (= strong piece of tissue in the body connecting a muscle to a bone)

Question 53

Drastically

Answer 53

Adv: in a way that is severe and sudden or has very noticeable effects Example: -Their budget has been drastically reduced. -Our communication environment has changed drastically in the last 10 years.

Question 54

Convergence

Answer 54

N: the fact that two or more things, ideas, etc. become similar or come together Example: -a convergence of interests/opinions/ideas -The convergence of pop-cultural trends and technological progress gave us camera phones and the "selfie".

Question 55

Nomad

Answer 55

N: a member of a group of people who move from one place to another rather than living in one place all of the time Example:a tribe of Somalian desert nomads

Question 57

Impulse

Answer 57

N: a sudden strong wish to do something Example: impulse to: I had this sudden impulse to shout out "Nonsense!" in the middle of her speech.

Question 58

Suspect

Answer 58

V: to think or believe something to be true or probable Example:So far, the police do not suspect foul play.

Question 59

Index

Answer 59

N: something that shows how strong or common a condition or feeling is Example: index of: Consumer spending is often a good index of public confidence in the economy.

Question 60

Trance

Answer 60

N: a temporary mental condition in which someone is not completely conscious of and/or not in control of himself or herself Example:First she goes/falls into a deep trance, and then the spirit voices start to speak through her.

Question 61

Nullify

Answer 61

V: to cause something to have no value or effect Example:All my hard work was nullified when I lost my notes.

Question 62

Inferiority

Answer 62

N: the state of not being good, or not as good as someone or something else Example: -sense of inferiority: His ill treatment as a child had given him a strong sense of inferiority. -Women had a position of social inferiority as compared with men.

Question 63

Complex

Answer 63

N: a particular anxiety or unconscious fear that a person has, especially as a result of an unpleasant experience that they have had in the past or because they have a low opinion of their own worth Example: -an inferiority complex -I think he's got a complex about being bald.