Lesson 9 - Nutrition Flashcards
What does proper nutrition and proper physical activity help?
-disease prevention
-increased feelings of well-being
-reduce skin breakdown
-increased healing
-increased energy
Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)
-energy requirement of a person at rest
-the energy needed to maintain life-sustaining activities
Resting Energy Expenditure (REE)
-a measurement that accounts for BMR + energy to digest meals and perform activity
Body Mass Index (BMI)
-uses height to weight ratios
Gynoid Obesity
-adipose tissue accumulation around the hips
Android Obesity
-adipose tissue accumulation around the abdomen
-increased disease risk
-easier to get rid of
Underweight BMI
<18.5
Normal BMI
18.5-24.9
Overweight BMI
25.0-29.9
Class I Obese BMI
30.0-34.9
Class II Obese BMI
35.0-39.9
Class III Obese BMI
> 40.0
What are the BMI limitations?
-doesn’t account for muscle that might contribute
-doesn’t account for age, health status
Nutrients
the elements supplied by food, necessary for body processes and function
Nutrient Density
proportion of essential nutrients to the number of kilocalories
When waist circumference is close to hip measurement…
there is a higher risk for disease
Risk for women is greater when the waist measures more than __ inches
35
Risk for men is greater when the waist measures more than __ inches
40
Apple Shape Individuals
-greater risk to health
-fat is stored around organs
Pear Shape Individuals
fat is stored at the hips
What is the ideal waist-hip ratio?
0.8 or less
Caloric Energy Balance
balance between caloric intake and caloric output
Positive Energy Balance
occurs when caloric intake is greater than caloric output
What do excess calories contribute to?
weight gain
One pound of fat is = to ______ calories
3500
An extra 500 calories/day will result in a gain of ___ pound/week
one
Negative Energy Balance
caloric intake is less than caloric output
Reducing intake by 500 calories/day will result in a loss of ___ pound/week
one
What information can you give about maintaining healthy body weight?
-move more
-choose foods wisely
-avoid empty calories
-focus on serving sizes
-know nutrition facts
Choosing foods wisely?
-fruits and veggies
-avoid fast foods
What can you use to teach?
Canada Food Guide - They have one for indigenous people and diabetics
Empty Calories
foods composed of primarily sugars, fats, oils
Fortified Foods
have additional vitamins and minerals to provide health benefits
Organic Foods
vegetables, fruit, eggs, milk, meat produced without synthetic pesticides, herbicides, fertilizers, GMOs, antibiotics, growth hormones
Genetically Modified Food
had undergone gene insertion to resist disease and develop desired characteristics
Factors that Influence Nutrition:
-preference
-knowledge
-availability/access
-culture
-family
-eating disorders
-the media
4 Nutritional Factors Affecting Adolescents
-nutritional deficiencies
-eating disorders
-physical activity
-obesity
What are some age-related GI changes affecting nutrition in older adults?
-changes to teeth and gums
-reduced saliva production
-increased taste threshold
-decreased thirst sensation
-reduced gag reflex
What cognitive impairments in older adults can affect nutrition?
-delirium
-dementia
-depression
What contributing medical factors affect nutrition?
-diabetes
-heart disease
-lung disease
-GI disorders
Effects of Anorexia
loss of apetite
Xerosomia
an effect of medication that leads severe mouth dryness