Lesson 10 - Sleep Flashcards
Sleep
a universal, dynamic, highly organized, physiological, behavioural state required to maintain health and well-being
What 3 processes is sleep controlled by?
ultradian, homeostatic, circadian
Ultraradian Process
-occurs within the sleep state
-characterized by alternating NREM and REM
Homeostatic Process (process S)
sleep-wake cycle
Circadian Process (process C)
maintaining wakefulness
Why are people sleeping less on average?
-stress
-lights
-heavier workload
How does sleep loss affect someone on the short term?
-alters mood
-decreased ability to concentrate, make decisions, participate ADLs
Rest
-eliminating stressors
-is not the same as sleep
What does rest contribute to?
-mental relaxation
-decreased anxiety
What factors other than hormone release contribute to sleep?
-light
-medications
-caffeine
-pain
-stress
-shift work
Physiological Effect of Sleep
-reduced heart rate
-reduced bloop pressure
-reduced respiratory rate
-decreased oxygen consumption
-lowered temperature
Will vital signs still be in normal range during sleep?
yes
What is the physiological purpose of sleep?
-improve memory
-daytime alterness
-processing of stored information
-stable mood and emotions
-better stress management
-improved social functioning
-decreased muscle tone
-decreased urination and hormone secretion
-cell and tissue repair
-brain tissue restoration
-improved immune and renal function
Reticular Activation System (RAS)
-affects wakefulness and sleep
-wake transitions
Which region causes sleep?
the Bulbar synchronizing region
Adenosine
-a by-product of energy consumption
-builds up in the blood when awake
-body breaks it down during sleep
Melatonin
-a natural hormone that causes drowsiness
Circadian Rhythms
-a 24 hour circadian rhythm that regulates wakefulness
What factors influence circadian rhythms?
-light
-temperature
-social activities
-work routines
Biological Clock
-unique to the individual
-synchronizes sleep-wake cycles
-affects optimal time of day
Stage 1 Sleep: NREM
-light and drowsy
-lightest level of sleep
-2-5% of sleep time
-unresponsive but easily aroused
-muscle tone present
Stage 2 Sleep: NREM
-sound sleep
-most time spent here (45-55%)
-muscle tone still present
Stage 3 Sleep: NREM
-deepest sleep
-10% of time
-relaxed muscles
REM Sleep
-dreams
-25% of sleep
-phase at the end of each sleep cycle
-loss of muscle tone
-increased gastric secretions
What are parasomnias and when do they occur?
-sleepwalking, bedwetting, night terrors
-during stage 3
Where is more time spent in sleep when missed sleep has occured?
stage 3
How many sleep cycles occur?
-4-5 that last 90-120 mins each
Where do newborns and children spend the most time sleeping?
stage 3 NREM
How much sleep do neonates need (birth to 30 days)?
16 hours
How much sleep do infants need (1-12 months)?
12-14 hours
What is important to remember for sleeping babies?
-no sleeping on stomach, no pillows, or blankets
-suffocation risk
How many hours of sleep do toddlers need?
12-14 hours
How many hours of sleep do preschoolers need?
13 hours
How many hours of sleep do school-aged children need?
9-10
How many hours of sleep do adolescents need?
varies
How many hours of sleep do young adults need?
6-8.5 hours
How many hours of sleep do middle aged/older adults need?
6-8
Why do adults get/need less sleep?
-stress
-having to wake often
-anxiety
-insomnia
Nocturia
urination during the night
Insomnia
report problems falling asleep and staying asleep
Sleep Apnea
people stop breathing for a period of at least 10 seconds when asleep
Narcolepsy
complex neurological sleep disorder, feels overwhelming sleep level and falls asleep
Cataplexy
-sudden loss of muscle tone associated with narcolepsy
Hypersomnia
-excessive prolonged sleepiness or difficulty waking
Obstructive Sleep Apnea
-most common sleep disorder
-prolonged interruption of airflow
-breathing stops while making
OSA Risk Factors
-obesity
-smoking
-alcohol consumption
-ethnicity
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP)
-manages OSA
-provides constant high pressure air flow and keeps airway constantly open
Treatments for Sleep Apnea
-weight loss
-stop smoking
-sleep positioning
-dental devices
-implanted nerve stimulator
