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NURS 175 - Nursing Practice Foundations > Lesson 10 - Sleep > Flashcards

Lesson 10 - Sleep Flashcards

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1
Q

Sleep

A

a universal, dynamic, highly organized, physiological, behavioural state required to maintain health and well-being

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2
Q

What 3 processes is sleep controlled by?

A

ultradian, homeostatic, circadian

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3
Q

Ultraradian Process

A

-occurs within the sleep state
-characterized by alternating NREM and REM

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4
Q

Homeostatic Process (process S)

A

sleep-wake cycle

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5
Q

Circadian Process (process C)

A

maintaining wakefulness

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6
Q

Why are people sleeping less on average?

A

-stress
-lights
-heavier workload

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7
Q

How does sleep loss affect someone on the short term?

A

-alters mood
-decreased ability to concentrate, make decisions, participate ADLs

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8
Q

Rest

A

-eliminating stressors
-is not the same as sleep

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9
Q

What does rest contribute to?

A

-mental relaxation
-decreased anxiety

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10
Q

What factors other than hormone release contribute to sleep?

A

-light
-medications
-caffeine
-pain
-stress
-shift work

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11
Q

Physiological Effect of Sleep

A

-reduced heart rate
-reduced bloop pressure
-reduced respiratory rate
-decreased oxygen consumption
-lowered temperature

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12
Q

Will vital signs still be in normal range during sleep?

A

yes

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13
Q

What is the physiological purpose of sleep?

A

-improve memory
-daytime alterness
-processing of stored information
-stable mood and emotions
-better stress management
-improved social functioning
-decreased muscle tone
-decreased urination and hormone secretion
-cell and tissue repair
-brain tissue restoration
-improved immune and renal function

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14
Q

Reticular Activation System (RAS)

A

-affects wakefulness and sleep
-wake transitions

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15
Q

Which region causes sleep?

A

the Bulbar synchronizing region

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16
Q

Adenosine

A

-a by-product of energy consumption
-builds up in the blood when awake
-body breaks it down during sleep

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17
Q

Melatonin

A

-a natural hormone that causes drowsiness

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18
Q

Circadian Rhythms

A

-a 24 hour circadian rhythm that regulates wakefulness

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19
Q

What factors influence circadian rhythms?

A

-light
-temperature
-social activities
-work routines

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20
Q

Biological Clock

A

-unique to the individual
-synchronizes sleep-wake cycles
-affects optimal time of day

21
Q

Stage 1 Sleep: NREM

A

-light and drowsy
-lightest level of sleep
-2-5% of sleep time
-unresponsive but easily aroused
-muscle tone present

22
Q

Stage 2 Sleep: NREM

A

-sound sleep
-most time spent here (45-55%)
-muscle tone still present

23
Q

Stage 3 Sleep: NREM

A

-deepest sleep
-10% of time
-relaxed muscles

24
Q

REM Sleep

A

-dreams
-25% of sleep
-phase at the end of each sleep cycle
-loss of muscle tone
-increased gastric secretions

25
Q

What are parasomnias and when do they occur?

A

-sleepwalking, bedwetting, night terrors
-during stage 3

26
Q

Where is more time spent in sleep when missed sleep has occured?

A

stage 3

27
Q

How many sleep cycles occur?

A

-4-5 that last 90-120 mins each

28
Q

Where do newborns and children spend the most time sleeping?

A

stage 3 NREM

29
Q

How much sleep do neonates need (birth to 30 days)?

A

16 hours

30
Q

How much sleep do infants need (1-12 months)?

A

12-14 hours

31
Q

What is important to remember for sleeping babies?

A

-no sleeping on stomach, no pillows, or blankets
-suffocation risk

32
Q

How many hours of sleep do toddlers need?

A

12-14 hours

33
Q

How many hours of sleep do preschoolers need?

A

13 hours

34
Q

How many hours of sleep do school-aged children need?

A

9-10

35
Q

How many hours of sleep do adolescents need?

A

varies

36
Q

How many hours of sleep do young adults need?

A

6-8.5 hours

37
Q

How many hours of sleep do middle aged/older adults need?

A

6-8

38
Q

Why do adults get/need less sleep?

A

-stress
-having to wake often
-anxiety
-insomnia

39
Q

Nocturia

A

urination during the night

40
Q

Insomnia

A

report problems falling asleep and staying asleep

41
Q

Sleep Apnea

A

people stop breathing for a period of at least 10 seconds when asleep

42
Q

Narcolepsy

A

complex neurological sleep disorder, feels overwhelming sleep level and falls asleep

43
Q

Cataplexy

A

-sudden loss of muscle tone associated with narcolepsy

44
Q

Hypersomnia

A

-excessive prolonged sleepiness or difficulty waking

45
Q

Obstructive Sleep Apnea

A

-most common sleep disorder
-prolonged interruption of airflow
-breathing stops while making

46
Q

OSA Risk Factors

A

-obesity
-smoking
-alcohol consumption
-ethnicity

47
Q

Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP)

A

-manages OSA
-provides constant high pressure air flow and keeps airway constantly open

48
Q

Treatments for Sleep Apnea

A

-weight loss
-stop smoking
-sleep positioning
-dental devices
-implanted nerve stimulator

NURS 175 - Nursing Practice Foundations (11 decks)

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