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NURS 175 - Nursing Practice Foundations > Lesson 5 - Elimination > Flashcards

Lesson 5 - Elimination Flashcards

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1
Q

Micturition

A

-urination

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2
Q

Proteinuria

A

-presence of proteins in the urine

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3
Q

Hematuria

A

-presence of blood in the urine

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4
Q

Normal Urine Production

A

-1-2L per day

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5
Q

Indication of Renal Alterations

A

-less than 30mL per day of urine output

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6
Q

Psychological Factors Influencing Urinary Elimination

A

-anxiety and stress increases frequency

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7
Q

Sociocultural Factors Influencing Urinary Elimination

A

-culture, gender, religious practices
-SDOH may influence ability to seek help for chronic conditions
-female circumcision

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8
Q

Fluid Balance (Factors Influencing Urinary Elimination)

A

-conc. of fluids, solutes, electrolytes can cause an increase in production
-caffeine increases
-alcohol increases ADH release increasing production

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9
Q

Diuresis

A

-increased urine formation

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10
Q

Diuretics

A

-increase urine output
-prevent reabsorption

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11
Q

Urinary Tract Infections

A

-women are more susceptible
-a common nosocomial infection

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12
Q

Hydration

A

-ideally 1.5-2L/ day fluid intake

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13
Q

Typical Infant Urine Output

A

-500mL per day

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14
Q

Children and Continence

A

-gain control of urination between 1-3 years of age
-most kids wet the bed until age 5

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15
Q

Factors that Affect Urination

A

-bladder problems
-kidney disease
-cancer
-kidney stones
-enlarged prostate
-tumors
-dehydration (fluid intake, diarrhea, vomiting)
-diabetes
-medications
-bladder or kidney removal
-surgery complications

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16
Q

Pelvic Surgeries

A

-can cause selling and block the flow of urine

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17
Q

Neurological Urination Factors

A

-impaired neuromuscular function
-damage to spinal cord
-impaired neurological function

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18
Q

Urinary Incontinence

A

-any involuntary loss of urine

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19
Q

Transient Urinary Incontinence

A

-urine loss resulting from causes outside of or affecting the urinary system
-resolves when underlying causes are treated
-DEISAPPEAR (causes)

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20
Q

DISAPPEAR

A

-delirium
-intake of fluids
-stool impaction
-atrophic vaginitis
-psychological problems
-pharmaceuticals
-excess urine output
-abnormal lab values
-restricted mobility

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21
Q

Urgency UI

A

-urine loss associated with sudden and urgent need to void
-can be overactive bladder syndrome

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22
Q

Stress UI

A

-urine loss resulting from increased intra-abdominal pressure

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23
Q

Mixed UI

A

-urine loss that has features of both stress and urge incontinence

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24
Q

Functional UI

A

-urine loss due to inability to reach the toilet

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25
Q

Multifactorial UI

A

-urine loss due to multiple factors

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26
Q

Catheters

A
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27
Q

Nocturia

A

-bothersome lower UT symptom
-waking from sleep 1+ times to void

28
Q

Urinary Retention

A

-the marked accumulation of urine in the bladder as a result of the ability to empty

29
Q

Urinary Diversion

A

-creation of an alternate pathway for urine elimination
-temporary or permanent

30
Q

Dialysis

A

-used to filter blood if renal cells are lost/damaged
-hemodialysis uses a machine equipped with semipermeable filtering membrane

31
Q

Women and UTIs

A

-women are more at risk due to a shorter urethra

32
Q

____ UTIs are more dangerous than _______

A

Upper; lower

33
Q

CAUTI

A

-catheter-associated UTI
-common nosocomial UTI
-serious implications

34
Q

Urinary Diagnostic Testing

A

-urinalysis
-urine culture
-24 hr urine specimen
-pelvic ultrasound
-cytoscopy

35
Q

Polyuria

A

-excess urine production at night

36
Q

Oliguria

A

-diminished urinary output relative to intake

37
Q

Elevated Postvoid Residuals

A

-increased amount of urine remaining in the bladder after a void
-increased susceptibility to a UTI

38
Q

Urinary Assessment

A

-gather health history of urination patterns
-physical assessment
-assess urine
-assess perception of urinary problems
-gather lab test data
-fluid intake
-burning
-change in colour/odour
-incontinence

39
Q

Urination Nursing Interventions

A

-bedpan
-commode
-portable urinal
-brief
-condom catheter
-bladder irrigation

40
Q

Urination Health Promotion

A

-hydration
-voiding frequently
-proper perineum after voiding
-perineal hygiene
-kegel exercises

41
Q

Fibre

A

-decreases constipation

42
Q

Fat and Grease

A

-can cause diarrhea

43
Q

Physical Activity

A

-encourages peristalsis

44
Q

Medications and BM

A

-can cause constipation (narcotics and iron supplements)
-can cause diarrhea (antibiotics, gout medications)

45
Q

Laxatives and Enemas

A

-help with BM
-dependency can result with prolonged use

46
Q

Surgery and Anesthesia BM

A

-can reduce peristalsis
-gas pains
-constipation

47
Q

Constipation

A

-diet
-stress
-surgery
-medications

48
Q

Bowel Impaction

A

-occurs when constipation does not resolve
-may require enema or distal disimpaction

49
Q

Diarrhea

A

-medications
-food
-stress
-infection
-can cause electrolyte imbalance = heart rhythm abnormalities

50
Q

Infections that Affect BM

A

-C. diff
-E. coli
-Norwalk virus
-VRE

51
Q

Hemorrhoids

A

-swollen veins around the anus and rectum

52
Q

Anal Fissure

A

-tear in the inside lining of the anus

53
Q

Excoriation

A

-cut, abraised, scraped skin

54
Q

Are you passing gas?

A

-very important question
-indicated functioning GI tract
-decreased with lowered mobility, surgery, anesthetics

55
Q

Subjective BM Assessment

A

-elimination patterns
-cramping
-problems passing gas
-stool continence
-colour
-consistency
-size
-blood in stool
-frequency

56
Q

Objective BM Assessment

A

-bowel sounds
-abdominal assessment
-smell
-blood
-colour
-mucous
-pus
-foreign objects

57
Q

Bristol Stool Chart

A

-chart that identifies shape and consistency of stool

58
Q

BM Nursing Interventions

A

-toilet
-bedpan
-commode
-incontinence management (briefs, rectal tube)
-laxative
-suppository
-enema
-digital disimpaction

59
Q

Ostomy

A

-bowel drainage through the abdomen
-can be temporary to allow healing
-can be permanent due to bowel damage

60
Q

Illeosomy

A

-small bowel brought to skin surface

61
Q

Colostomy

A

-large bowel brought to skin surface
-can be ascending, descending, transverse, sigmoid

62
Q

Stoma

A

-where the intestine is surgically brought to the abdominal wall for bowel elimination

63
Q

Nurse Responsibilities with Ostomy

A

-assess skin around stoma
-stoma should be bright red/pink and moist
-assess ostomy bag contents
-assist with emptying and changing bag

64
Q

BM Health Promotion Considerations

A

-hydration
-fibre intake
-hand hygiene
-stool regularity
-cleaning of perineum
-kegel exercises

65
Q

Valsalva Manoeuvre

A

-pressure exerted by contracting abdomen and diaphragm and closed airway
-should be avoided by patients with heart disease

66
Q
A

NURS 175 - Nursing Practice Foundations (11 decks)

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