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PSYC 363 > Lesson 9 > Flashcards

Lesson 9 Flashcards

1
Q

cerebral achromatopsia

A

sudden color blindness

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2
Q

what does our perception of color depend on?

A

the wavelength of light that enters our eye

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3
Q

what does our perception of colored objects depend on?

A

the wavelength of light that is reflected from the object into our eyes.

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4
Q

chromatic colors

A

blue, green, and red - some wavelengths are reflected more than others

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5
Q

achromatic colors

A

white, grey, and black - when light is reflected equally across the spectrum

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6
Q

selective transmission

A

only some wavelengths pass-through the substance or object

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7
Q

transmission curves

A

plots of the percentage of light transmitted at each wavelength

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8
Q

wavelength transmitted or reflected and perceived color:
short-?
medium?
medium and long?
long?
long, medium, and short?

A

blue
green
yellow
red
white

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9
Q

subtractive color mixture

A

subtract all the wavelengths except the color seen- done in mixing paints

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10
Q

the black paper reflects…?

A

less than 10% of the light that hits it

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11
Q

the white paper reflects…?

A

more than 80% of the light that hits it

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12
Q

how do we know which wavelength/ color will result from mixing paints?

A

both paints still absorb the same wavelengths they absorbed when alone, so the only wavelengths reflected are those that are reflected by both paints in common
AKA: the color that results from the mix is the wavelength that is reflected from both colors.

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13
Q

additive color mixture

A

mixing lights involves adding up the wavelengths of each light in the mixture, thus mixing lights is called an additive color mixture

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14
Q

what is the connection between wavelength and color for light?

A

colors of LIGHT are associated with wavelengths in the visible spectrum

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15
Q

what is the connection between wavelength and color for opaque objects?

A

colors of OBJECTS are associated with wavelengths that are reflected

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16
Q

what is the connection between wavelength and color for transparent objects?

A

colors of transparent objects are associated with wavelength that are transmitted

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17
Q

mixing paints causes more/fewer wavelengths to be reflected?

A

fewer (each paint substracts wavelengths from the mixture)

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18
Q

mixing lights causes more/fewer wavelengths to be reflected?

A

more (each light adds wavelengths to the mixture)

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19
Q

nonspectral colors

A

colors that do not appear in the spectrum because they are mixtures of other colors (ex:magenta)

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20
Q

what are the 3 perceptual dimensions of color?

A
  1. hues
  2. saturation
  3. value
21
Q

what is saturation?

A

determined by the amount of white that has been added to a particular hue.

22
Q

what is value?

A

refers to the light-to-dark dimension of color

23
Q

HSV color solid

A

a cylindrical color solid- has the 3 dimensions: hue, value, and saturation

24
Q

what is the trichromatic theory of vision (Young-Helmholtz theory)?

A

color vision depends on the activity of 3 different receptor mechanisms

25
Q

what is the opponent-process theory?

A

color vision is caused by opposing physiological responses generated by blue and yellow, red and green, and black and white.

26
Q

how was the Trichromatic theory tested?

A

color matching - experimenter shines a single wavelength on a test field. then subject matches the reference color by mixing different wavelengths of light in a “comparison field”. Finding = any color could be matched if they adjust proportions of 3 wavelengths.

27
Q

metamerism

A

2 physically different stimuli are perceptually identical

28
Q

metamers

A

2 identical fields in a color-matching in a color-matching experiment

29
Q

principle of univariance

A

once a photon of light is absorbed by a visual pigment molecule, the identity of the light’s wavelength is lost.

30
Q

how does a person with 1 receptor match any wavelength in the spectrum?

A

adjusting the intensity

31
Q

people with just one type of pigment who see in shades of gray

A

monochromats

32
Q

people with 2 types of cone pigments who see chromatic colors, but confuse some colors together

A

dichromats

33
Q

having 3 visual pigments

A

trichromats

34
Q

hering’s primary colors

A

red, yellow, green or blue

35
Q

what is the afterimage demonstration?

A

looks at the center of a square with the top two squares being red and green and the bottom being yellow and blue. After 30 seconds when looking at a white surface, the red and green will switch sides and same for blue and yellow.

36
Q

what are the after images called?

A

complementary afterimages- because the afterimages is the color of the opposite side of the color circle

37
Q

hue cancellation

A

determined by how much of the opposing color is necessary to cancel the sample color.

38
Q

opponent neurons

A

the retina and lateral geniculate nucleus that responded with an excitatory response to light from one part of the spectrum and with an inhibitory response to light from another part

39
Q

which neurons correspond to short, medium, and long wavelengths?

A

+B = short
-Y = medium and long

40
Q

where in the brain does the trichromatic theory manifest itself?

A

the receptors in the retina

41
Q

where does opponent-process theory manifest itself in the brain?

A

opponent neurons within the lateral geniculate nucleus

42
Q

What is important to know about the circuits in opponent-process theory?

A

their responses are determined by both the wavelength to which the receptors respond best and by the arrangement of inhibitory and excitatory synapses.

43
Q

prosopagnosia

A

inability to recognize faces

44
Q

unilateral dichromat

A

a person with trichromatic vision in one eye and dichromatic vision in the other

45
Q

what are the 3 major forms of dichromatism?

A

protanopia (missing long wavelength pigment)
deuteranopia (missing medium wavelength)
tritanopia (missing short wavelength)

46
Q

anomalous trichromatism

A

needs 3 wavelength to match any wavelength like a normal person

47
Q

reflectance edge

A

edge where the reflectance of 2 surfaces changes.

48
Q

illumination edge

A

edge where the lighting changes

49
Q

penumbra

A

fuzzy border at the edge of the shadow

PSYC 363 (9 decks)

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