Lesson 5: Perceiving objects and scenes Flashcards
inverse projection problem
Task of determining the object responsible for a particular image on the retina is called the inverse projection problem, because it involves starting with the retinal image and extending rays out from the eye.
viewpoint invariance
Ability to recognize an object seen from different
viewpoints
Perceptual organization
process by which elements in the environment become perceptually grouped to create our perception of objects.
Grouping
process by which visual events are “put together” into units or objects.
Segregation
the process of separating one area or object from another.
Structuralism
distinguished between sensations—elementary processes that
occur in response to stimulation of the senses—and perceptions, more complex conscious experiences such as our awareness of objects
apparent movement
movement is perceived, nothing is actually moving.
principle of good continuation
Points that, when connected, result in straight or
smoothly curving lines are seen as belonging together, and the lines tend to be seen in such a way as to follow the smoothest path
principle of pragnanz/ principle of good figure/ principle of simplicity
Every stimulus pattern is seen in such a way that the resulting structure is as simple as possible
principle of similarity
Similar things appear to be grouped together.
principle of proximity
Things that are near each other appear to be grouped
together
principle of common fate
things that are moving in the same direction appear to be grouped together
principle of common region
Elements that are within the same region of space appear to be grouped together
principle of uniform connectedness
a connected region of the same visual properties, such as lightness, color, texture, or motion, is perceived as a single unit
figure–ground segregation
When we see a separate object, it is usually seen as a figure that stands out from its background, which is called the ground
reversible figure–ground
perceived alternately either as two dark blue faces looking at each other, in front of a gray background, or as a gray vase on a dark blue background
global image features
perceived rapidly and are associated with specific types of scenes.
- degree of naturalness
- degree of openness
- degree of roughness
- degree of expansion
- color
binocular rivalry
observer perceives either the left-eye image or the right-eye image, but not both at the same time
Neural mind reading
using a neural response, usually brain activation measured by fMRI, to determine what a person is perceiving or thinking
structural encoding
based on the relationship between voxel activation and structural characteristics of a scene, such as lines, contrasts, shapes, and textures.
semantic encoding
based on the relationship between voxel activation and the meaning or category of a scene
Are faces special?
special both because of the role they play in our environment and because of the widespread activity they trigger in the brain
