Lesson 13

Question 1

physical sound stimulus - movement in structures within the vocal apparatus produce patterns of pressure changes in the air

Answer 1

acoustic signal

Question 2

articulators can alter the vocal tract

Answer 2

tongue, lips, teeth, soft palate, jaw

Question 3

formants

Answer 3

peaks of pressure of a vocal tract

Question 4

how are vowels produced?

Answer 4

the vibration of the vocal cords

Question 5

how are consonants produced?

Answer 5

constriction/ closing of the vocal tract

Question 6

formant transitions

Answer 6

consonants seen in the spectogram

Question 7

phoneme

Answer 7

the shortest segment of speech that changes would change the meaning of a word - sound used to create words in a specific language

Question 8

lack of invariance

Answer 8

no simple relationship between a phoneme and the acoustic signal

Question 9

coarticulation

Answer 9

overlap between the articulation of neighboring phonemes

Question 10

categorical perception (VOT)

Answer 10

occurs when stimuli that exist along a continuum are perceived as divided into discrete categories

Question 11

Voice onset time (VOT) -categorical perception

Answer 11

the time delay between when a sound begins and when the vocal cords begin vibrating.

Question 12

phonetic boundary

Answer 12

when the perception changes from /da/ to /ta/

Question 13

speech is multimodal, meaning:

Answer 13

our perception of speech can be influenced by information from a number of different senses.

Question 14

McGurk effect

Answer 14

visual information can influence what we hear. woman says baba on screen put lipsyncs fafa so subject thinks its fafa

Question 15

audiovisual speech perception

Answer 15

influence of Vision on speech perception

Question 16

phonemic restoration effect

Answer 16

perception is determined both by the nature of the acoustic signal (bottom-up processing) and by context that produces expectations in the listener (top down processing).

Question 17

speech segmentation

Answer 17

The perception of individual words in a conversation

Question 18

transitional probabilities

Answer 18

the chances that one sound will follow another sound.

Question 19

noise-vocoded speech

Answer 19

is created by dividing the speech signal up into different frequency bands and then adding noise to each band.

Question 20

aphasias

Answer 20

language problems

Question 21

broca’s aphasia - frontal lobe

Answer 21

slow, labored, ungrammatical speech

Question 22

wernicke’s aphasia - temporal lobe

Answer 22

incoherent - word deafness (cannot recognize words)