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Data Comm > Lesson 8 : Network Components Part 1 > Flashcards

Lesson 8 : Network Components Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Components comprise both physical parts as well as the software required for installing computer networks, both at organizations and at home.

A

Computer networks

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2
Q

are the server, client, peer, transmission medium, and connecting devices.

A

hardware components

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3
Q

are operating systems and protocols.

A

software components

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4
Q

are high configuration computers that manage the resources of the network.

A

Servers

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5
Q

The network operating system is typically installed in the ___ and so they give user accesses to the network resources.

A

server

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6
Q

are computers that request and receive service from the servers to access and use the network resources

A

Clients

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7
Q

are computers that provide as well as receive services from other peers in a workgroup network

A

Peers

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8
Q

are the channels through which data is transferred from one device to another in a network.

A

Transmission media

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9
Q

may be guided media like coaxial cable, fiber optic cables etc ; or maybe unguided media like microwaves, infrared waves etc.

A

Transmission media

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10
Q

act as middleware between networks or computers, by binding the network media together.

A

Connecting devices

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11
Q

Some of the common connecting devices are:

A

Routers, Bridges, Hubs , Repeaters, Gateways, Switches

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12
Q

Is typically installed in the server and facilitate workstations in a network to share files, database, applications, printers etc

A

Network Operating Systems

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13
Q

is a rule or guideline followed by each computer for data communication.

A

Protocol

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14
Q

Is a set of related protocols that are laid down for computer networks

A

Protocol Suite

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15
Q

The two popular protocol suites are −

A

OSI Model
(Open System Interconnections)

TCP / IP Model
(Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol)

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16
Q

is any device capable of sending and/or receiving information over a communications channel, providing communications interface functions

A

Terminal

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17
Q

A ____ provides input capability in most terminals.

A

keyboard

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18
Q

There are generally three types of keys:

A

Text Keys, Control Keys, Function Keys

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19
Q

keys for the communication control codes, such as START, STOP , DELETE, and END OF TRANSMISSION.

A

Control Keys

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20
Q

A to Z, the numbers 0 9 and special characters.

A

Text keys

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21
Q

Which will have only number keys. It facilitates rapid entry of numeric data to the terminal or the application may be dialing a number as in telephone handset

A

Numeric Pad

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22
Q

which include carriage return, backspace and horizontal tab.

A

Function Keys

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23
Q

It is a pen shaped I/O device used to touch the screen. The light activates the location where it was touched. It can be used to write or sketch or erase certain lines on the video monitor of the computer. It is also used for inputting graphics and reading bar codes.

A

Light Pen

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24
Q

A special monitor that lets the user make choices by touching icons or graphical buttons on the screen with fingers.

A

Touch Screen

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25
Q

are used for interactive displays in museums and in automatic teller machines

A

Touch screen

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26
Q

Hand held device used to point a cursor at a desired place on a computer screen; a click instructs the computer to take some action

A

Mouse

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27
Q

It is upside down mouse, which is common in laptop computers

A

Track Ball

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28
Q

A piece of hardware for digitizing images.

A

Scanner

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29
Q

come in several versions, from grayscale to color, and are capable of scanning a variety of bit depths.

A

Scanner

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30
Q

gives the necessary information regarding a product to the customer as well as to the owner , such as price, category, etc.

A

bar code

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31
Q

It can give necessary information like inventory details, tax payments to the company management

A

bar code

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32
Q

Used to read a printed bar code

A

Bar code scanners

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33
Q

A ____in the scanner converts the beam into electrical pulses.

A

photo diode

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34
Q

is available for graphics and full motion video with digital cameras and digital camcorders

A

Direct digital entry

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35
Q

is becoming feasible. Many systems can recognize pretrained words if spoken distinctly with pauses between words.

A

Direct voice entry

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36
Q

Input Mechanisms:

A

Keyboard, Numeric Pad, Light pen, touch screen, mouse , track ball, scanner, barcode, bar code scanner, direct direct entry, direct voice entry

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37
Q

Output Mechanisms

A

Printers, Plotter

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38
Q

Video Display Terminals

A

Flat panel display, LCD display, Passive matrix screen, Active matrix screen, Plasma display

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39
Q

Output device that uses striking action to make impressions on paper

A

Impact printer

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40
Q

A ____ uses seven or eight dots vertically and five to eight horizontally to produce a letter.

A

standard dot matrix printer

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41
Q

These printers print one character at a time e.g., Daisy wheel

A

Character printer

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42
Q

In these printers, a collection of dots forms each of the printed characters .

A

Dot matrix printer

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43
Q

Output device that uses laser beams or streams of ink, rather than striking action , to make images on paper.

A

Non impact printer

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44
Q

They use heat to transfer pigment from a plastic ribbon to the paper.

A

Thermal wax transfer/ Dye sublimation printers

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45
Q

It is a non impact printer that shoots fine streams of ink onto paper

A

Ink jet/Bubble jet printer

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46
Q

uses liquid ink

A

Liquid Inkjet

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47
Q

uses solid ink sticks

A

Solid Inkjet

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48
Q

It is a non impact printer that uses laser beams to write information on photo sensitive drums, over which paper and toner pass, making images on paper.

A

Laser printer

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49
Q

are high speed, high quality devices which produce very high resolution text and graphics, making them suitable for desk top publishing

A

Laser printer

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50
Q

Output device that uses computer directed pens to create complex, high quality images .

A

Plotter

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51
Q

Two types of plotter

A

flat bed plotter , drum plotter

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52
Q

It moves a pen up and down across a flat drawing surface.

A

Flat bed Plotter

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53
Q

In this paper is fixed or supported on a drum and pen moves only from side to side

A

Drum plotter

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54
Q

Terminals that provide user with visual display of input and output

A

Video display terminals

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55
Q

It consists of cathode ray tube and its power supplies.

A

CRT Display

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56
Q

consists of a glass vacuum tube that contains one electron gun for a monochrome display, or three ( red, green , and blue) electron guns for a color display.

A

CRT

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57
Q

A very narrow display that uses one of several technologies, such as electroluminescence , LCD, or thin film transistors

A

Flat panel display

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58
Q

uses electric current to align crystals in a special liquid.

A

Liquid crystal display

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59
Q

uses a transistor to control every row of pixels on the screen.

A

Passive matrix screen

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60
Q

They are slower to respond, have weaker colors, and have a narrower viewing angle, but they are cheaper than active matrix screens.

A

Passive matrix screen

61
Q

uses an individual transistor to control every pixel on the screen

A

Active matrix screen

62
Q

They have high contrast, wide viewing angle, vivid colors, and fast screen refresh rates, and they do not show the streaking or shadowing.

A

Active matrix screen

63
Q

consist of two glass plates separated by a thin gap filled with a mixture of argon and neon gas.

A

Plasma display

64
Q

The capabilities of terminals can be enhanced by any of the following components:

A

internal storage (buffer), a
processor, or auxiliary storage.

65
Q

A ___ is a small memory that holds a block of data while it is being transmitted, received, keyed in, displayed, or otherwise manipulated.

A

buffer

66
Q

It can be used for output as well as input purposes.

A

buffer

67
Q

The ___ terminal transmits the entire block of characters at its designed transmission speed over the data link and then frees the data link for access by other users.

A

buffered

68
Q

It is an I/O device that incorporates processing capability such as text editing , character checking, encoding/decoding, and communication handling within the terminal itself

A

Intelligent terminal

69
Q

The ___ terminal gives a single character as output at a time.

A

unbuffered

70
Q

It contains a little computer , which may be a microprocessor or a minicomputer having some level of programmability.

A

Intelligent terminal

71
Q

It is the fundamental requirement for intelligent terminals

A

Buffering

72
Q

Data can be moved off and on the screen a line at a time

A

Scrolling

73
Q

Data can be moved off and on the screen a block at a time

A

Paging

74
Q

The capability of displaying a form to be filled in by an operator

A

Format Control

75
Q

Entered directly from the keyboard and executed by the terminal

A

Custom Software Programs

76
Q

It is normally a teleprinter and a video display terminal. It is cheaper than intelligent terminal.

A

Dumb terminal

77
Q

(Hardcopy terminals) are characterized by their printing capability. These are usually dumb terminals

A

Teleprinter terminals

78
Q

has the advantage of the processing capability of the computer to provide additional capabilities.

A

PC terminals (Microcomputers and workstations)

79
Q

A standalone information station that allows users to browse and retrieve information

A

Kiosk

80
Q

Interactive Terminals

A

Kiosk

81
Q

A terminal defined as a standard on a network that can handle diverse terminals .

A

Virtual Terminal

82
Q

is any type of specialized terminal configured to operate in a remote location and to transmit and/or receive data from a host computer in batch form, usually over a voice grade line

A

remote job entry (RJE) terminal

83
Q

remote job entry (RJE) terminal is also called

A

remote batch terminal (RBT).

84
Q

are special purpose terminals devoted to a particular type of application

A

Transaction terminals

85
Q

They are primarily used in the retail environment and supermarkets for recording data as sales are made. Some of them are capable of reading bar codes printed on the product

A

Point of sale (POS) terminals

86
Q

They are transaction terminals used to read account, identifying information on the magnetic strips (on credit cards) and are used to verify credit status

A

Credit/debit terminals

87
Q

include automatic teller machines (ATMs), passbook reader/printers, magnetic ink character recognition (MICR) equipment, and the like

A

Banking terminals

88
Q

where users can deposit or withdraw money, make transfers between different bank accounts, and pay bills.

A

Automated teller machines(ATMs)

89
Q

are designed to withstand severe conditions, such as vibration and heat. They are usually configured as input devices

A

Factory data collection terminals

90
Q

is basically a telecopying device that transmits/receive copy to/ from a remote location

A

Facsimile (FAX) terminal

91
Q

Application that converts and sends the white and black areas of a page over telephone wires or wireless networks to a receiving machine that converts the coding back into white and black areas and prints the message.

A

Facsimile (FAX)

92
Q

Terminal device that does not share a controller with another terminal

A

Stand alone terminal

93
Q

Terminal through which data can be entered by means of a typewriter like keyboard

A

Keyboard terminal

94
Q

Terminal specialized by hardware and/ or software to display graphics in addition to text.

A

Graphics terminal

95
Q

The cluster control unit functions are

A
  • Line interface
  • Buffering
  • Error checking
  • Message retransmission
  • Local communication
  • Format control
  • Polling
96
Q

Terminals that are in the same room or building may be configured in a

A

cluster

97
Q

By _____, a single cluster control unit (CCU) can serve the entire set of devices thereby lowering costs and improving line utilization.

A

clustering terminals

98
Q

They allow several remote terminals at one site on a common multipoint circuit to share
a single modem at that site.

A

Modem sharing devices

99
Q

do not multiplex; they simply provide a means of sharing the serial interface of one modem among several terminals

A

Modem sharing devices

100
Q

The addressed terminal turns the line around. If it has data, it sends the data to the controller otherwise it puts a polling message addressed to its neighbor on the line.

A

Hub polling

101
Q

enables transmission via polling and broadcasting. These devices are also called as control units or cluster controllers

A

Modem sharing devices

102
Q

It is the process of asking each device in a prearranged sequence if it has a message to send; if so, the polling sequence is interrupted while that device is being serviced

A

Polling

103
Q

enable terminal users to connect to more than one network and switch between them, without plugging or unplugging any connector cables.

A

Line interface modules

104
Q

They allow interconnection of terminals or microcomputers to host mainframe computers in many types of configurations

A

Line adapters

105
Q

It allows several incoming communication circuits to use a single port on a front end processor. All front end processors have a fixed capacity of ports.

A

Port sharing device

106
Q

A _____ may be used when users want to exceed this designed capacity.

A

port sharing device

107
Q

are similar to port sharing devices except in the matter of location.

A

Line splitter

108
Q

are located at the remote end of the communication circuit, where as port sharing devices are at the central site close to the host mainframe computer

A

Line splitters

109
Q

They allow two or more analog circuits to be shared as one

A

Line bridging devices

110
Q

They allow one modem to be used with circuits to more than one destination . Telephone companies and users use bridges to create multipoint analog circuits from point to point segments

A

Line bridging devices

111
Q

They are used to connect two DTEs directly.

A

Modem eliminators

112
Q

They also are called null modems.

A

Modem eliminators

113
Q

There are three types of terminals to be used on a network

A

Dumb, Smart and Intelligent Terminals

114
Q

nonprogrammable ; addressable; data stored in buffer to transmit block mode; limited processing capabilities

A

Smart Terminals

115
Q

have no processing power; not addressable; cannot respond to polling messages; no error detection; located near host computer

A

Dumb Terminals

116
Q

contains own processor; runs applications; PC is example; provides better line utilization; communication software must run in the terminal

A

Intelligent Terminals

117
Q

collect data from multiple stations and combine them into a single high speed bit stream.

A

Multiplexers

118
Q

Can emulate any of the 3 terminal types

A

Terminal Emulation

119
Q

provide end to end error checking and
correction, and circuit sharing.

A

Multiplexers

120
Q

A device that combines data traffic from several low speed communication circuits onto a single high speed circuit.

A

Multiplexers

121
Q

They can be used on multipoint circuits, but individual channels usually must each
be for start stop data.

A

Frequency division multiplexers

122
Q

two types of multiplexers:

A

Frequency division multiplexers, Time Division Multiplexers

123
Q

Advantage of FDM

A

They are robust. Failure of one channel does not affect other sub channels

124
Q

They assign each terminal a dedicated portion of the transmission capacity of the shared line.

A

Classical TDMs (or dumb TDM)

125
Q

They can be used if all channels are point to point.

A

Time Division Multiplexers (TDM)

126
Q

send idle (masking) bits when a channel becomes inactive, they waste a lot of potential capacity when the duty cycles are low.

A

Classical TDMs (or dumb TDM)

127
Q

Line capacity utilization is better than FDMs. They generally allow faster bit rates and potentially more channels than FDM at less cost.

A

Time Division Multiplexers (TDM)

128
Q

They permit mixing of bit rates of the sub channels

A

Time Division Multiplexers (TDM)

129
Q

They should be used if the duty cycles (time sent filling time slots with actual data ) of the data channels to be multiplexed are relatively high. A high duty cycle means that the channel is actually carrying bits most of the time.

A

Classical TDMs (or dumb TDM)

130
Q

Whenever usage statistics show low duty cycles as the normal mode of utilization for most of the channels to be multiplexed, a _____ is usually a good choice.

A

Statistical TDMs (or smart TDMs)

131
Q

A time division multiplexer (TDM) that dynamically allocates communication circuit time to each of the various attached terminals, according to whether a terminal is active or inactive at a particular moment. Buffering and queuing functions are also included.

A

Statistical TDMs (or smart TDMs)

132
Q

These devices send only data bits (no idle bits ), so they can appear to have a higher total bit rate than the actual rate if high percentage of idle bits are coming from the terminals.

A

Statistical TDMs (or smart TDMs)

133
Q

Each time slot is one bit. Totally transparent to the terminals

A

Bit interleaved multiplexer

134
Q

Each time slot is one byte. The start stop bits of the characters are stripped during multiplexing and again reinserted after demultiplexing

A

Byte interleaved multiplexer

135
Q

is an advanced form of statistical time division multiplexer ( STDM) that combines voice, video and data transmission.

A

Fast packet multiplexer

136
Q

This multiplexing allows both the data and voice to be sent with less capacity on the multiplexed circuit. The remaining capacity can be used for more data or voice transmissions.

A

Fast packet multiplexer

137
Q

is similar to the multiplexer except that is usually a single end device

A

Concentrator

138
Q

is a device that acts as an efficient forwarder of data transmission signals.

A

Concentrator

139
Q

A ____ is sometimes referred to as a concentrator.

A

remote access hub

140
Q

A is a node that broadcasts data to every computer or Ethernet
based device connected to it

A

network hub

141
Q

> :(

A

aggregator

142
Q

A typical concentrator or remote access hub is a device that handles incoming dial up calls for an Internet (or other network) ____ and performs other services.

A

point-of- presence

143
Q

On the Internet, a ___ is an access point from one place to the rest of the Internet

A

point of presence (POP)

144
Q

A concentrator or hub may be able to handle up to ___ dial up modem calls, support a certain number of ____, a set of CCITT/ITU standards for circuit switched transmission, connections and support leased line and frame relay traffic while also functioning as a router.

A

100 ; ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network)

145
Q

Some IT professionals may use the term _____ to talk about a system that takes in buffered packets and puts them into a single queue.

A

“network concentrator”

146
Q

IT professionals may talk about a network concentrator as a ____ or more generally point out this function within a network system that handles multiple streams or threads and combines them into a single point of service.

A

“forwarder”

147
Q

may also be part of troubleshooting efforts, where system administrators may check to see that the concentrator is taking in and outputting signals correctly.

A

Concentrators

148
Q

A device which can do the following functions can be called as

A

communications processor

Data Comm (16 decks)

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