Lesson 8 : Network Components Part 1 Flashcards
(148 cards)
1
Q
Components comprise both physical parts as well as the software required for installing computer networks, both at organizations and at home.
A
Computer networks
2
Q
are the server, client, peer, transmission medium, and connecting devices.
A
hardware components
3
Q
are operating systems and protocols.
A
software components
4
Q
are high configuration computers that manage the resources of the network.
A
Servers
5
Q
The network operating system is typically installed in the ___ and so they give user accesses to the network resources.
A
server
6
Q
are computers that request and receive service from the servers to access and use the network resources
A
Clients
7
Q
are computers that provide as well as receive services from other peers in a workgroup network
A
Peers
8
Q
are the channels through which data is transferred from one device to another in a network.
A
Transmission media
9
Q
may be guided media like coaxial cable, fiber optic cables etc ; or maybe unguided media like microwaves, infrared waves etc.
A
Transmission media
10
Q
act as middleware between networks or computers, by binding the network media together.
A
Connecting devices
11
Q
Some of the common connecting devices are:
A
Routers, Bridges, Hubs , Repeaters, Gateways, Switches
12
Q
Is typically installed in the server and facilitate workstations in a network to share files, database, applications, printers etc
A
Network Operating Systems
13
Q
is a rule or guideline followed by each computer for data communication.
A
Protocol
14
Q
Is a set of related protocols that are laid down for computer networks
A
Protocol Suite
15
Q
The two popular protocol suites are −
A
OSI Model
(Open System Interconnections)
TCP / IP Model
(Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol)
16
Q
is any device capable of sending and/or receiving information over a communications channel, providing communications interface functions
A
Terminal
17
Q
A ____ provides input capability in most terminals.
A
keyboard
18
Q
There are generally three types of keys:
A
Text Keys, Control Keys, Function Keys
19
Q
keys for the communication control codes, such as START, STOP , DELETE, and END OF TRANSMISSION.
A
Control Keys
20
Q
A to Z, the numbers 0 9 and special characters.
A
Text keys
21
Q
Which will have only number keys. It facilitates rapid entry of numeric data to the terminal or the application may be dialing a number as in telephone handset
A
Numeric Pad
22
Q
which include carriage return, backspace and horizontal tab.
A
Function Keys
23
Q
It is a pen shaped I/O device used to touch the screen. The light activates the location where it was touched. It can be used to write or sketch or erase certain lines on the video monitor of the computer. It is also used for inputting graphics and reading bar codes.
A
Light Pen
24
Q
A special monitor that lets the user make choices by touching icons or graphical buttons on the screen with fingers.
A
Touch Screen
25
are used for interactive displays in museums and in automatic teller machines
Touch screen
26
Hand held device used to point a cursor at a desired place on a computer screen; a click instructs the computer to take some action
Mouse
27
It is upside down mouse, which is common in laptop computers
Track Ball
28
A piece of hardware for digitizing images.
Scanner
29
come in several versions, from grayscale to color, and are capable of scanning a variety of bit depths.
Scanner
30
gives the necessary information regarding a product to the customer as well as to the owner , such as price, category, etc.
bar code
31
It can give necessary information like inventory details, tax payments to the company management
bar code
32
Used to read a printed bar code
Bar code scanners
33
A ____in the scanner converts the beam into electrical pulses.
photo diode
34
is available for graphics and full motion video with digital cameras and digital camcorders
Direct digital entry
35
is becoming feasible. Many systems can recognize pretrained words if spoken distinctly with pauses between words.
Direct voice entry
36
Input Mechanisms:
Keyboard, Numeric Pad, Light pen, touch screen, mouse , track ball, scanner, barcode, bar code scanner, direct digital entry, direct voice entry
37
Output Mechanisms
Printers, Plotter
38
Video Display Terminals
Flat panel display, LCD display, Passive matrix screen, Active matrix screen, Plasma display
39
Output device that uses striking action to make impressions on paper
Impact printer
40
A ____ uses seven or eight dots vertically and five to eight horizontally to produce a letter.
standard dot matrix printer
41
These printers print one character at a time e.g., Daisy wheel
Character printer
42
In these printers, a collection of dots forms each of the printed characters .
Dot matrix printer
43
Output device that uses laser beams or streams of ink, rather than striking action , to make images on paper.
Non impact printer
44
They use heat to transfer pigment from a plastic ribbon to the paper.
Thermal wax transfer/ Dye sublimation printers
45
It is a non impact printer that shoots fine streams of ink onto paper
Ink jet/Bubble jet printer
46
uses liquid ink
Liquid Inkjet
47
uses solid ink sticks
Solid Inkjet
48
It is a non impact printer that uses laser beams to write information on photo sensitive drums, over which paper and toner pass, making images on paper.
Laser printer
49
are high speed, high quality devices which produce very high resolution text and graphics, making them suitable for desk top publishing
Laser printer
50
Output device that uses computer directed pens to create complex, high quality images .
Plotter
51
Two types of plotter
flat bed plotter , drum plotter
52
It moves a pen up and down across a flat drawing surface.
Flat bed Plotter
53
In this paper is fixed or supported on a drum and pen moves only from side to side
Drum plotter
54
Terminals that provide user with visual display of input and output
Video display terminals
55
It consists of cathode ray tube and its power supplies.
CRT Display
56
consists of a glass vacuum tube that contains one electron gun for a monochrome display, or three ( red, green , and blue) electron guns for a color display.
CRT
57
A very narrow display that uses one of several technologies, such as electroluminescence , LCD, or thin film transistors
Flat panel display
58
uses electric current to align crystals in a special liquid.
Liquid crystal display
59
uses a transistor to control every row of pixels on the screen.
Passive matrix screen
60
They are slower to respond, have weaker colors, and have a narrower viewing angle, but they are cheaper than active matrix screens.
Passive matrix screen
61
uses an individual transistor to control every pixel on the screen
Active matrix screen
62
They have high contrast, wide viewing angle, vivid colors, and fast screen refresh rates, and they do not show the streaking or shadowing.
Active matrix screen
63
consist of two glass plates separated by a thin gap filled with a mixture of argon and neon gas.
Plasma display
64
The capabilities of terminals can be enhanced by any of the following components:
internal storage (buffer), a
processor, or auxiliary storage.
65
A ___ is a small memory that holds a block of data while it is being transmitted, received, keyed in, displayed, or otherwise manipulated.
buffer
66
It can be used for output as well as input purposes.
buffer
67
The ___ terminal transmits the entire block of characters at its designed transmission speed over the data link and then frees the data link for access by other users.
buffered
68
It is an I/O device that incorporates processing capability such as text editing , character checking, encoding/decoding, and communication handling within the terminal itself
Intelligent terminal
69
The ___ terminal gives a single character as output at a time.
unbuffered
70
It contains a little computer , which may be a microprocessor or a minicomputer having some level of programmability.
Intelligent terminal
71
It is the fundamental requirement for intelligent terminals
Buffering
72
Data can be moved off and on the screen a line at a time
Scrolling
73
Data can be moved off and on the screen a block at a time
Paging
74
The capability of displaying a form to be filled in by an operator
Format Control
75
Entered directly from the keyboard and executed by the terminal
Custom Software Programs
76
It is normally a teleprinter and a video display terminal. It is cheaper than intelligent terminal.
Dumb terminal
77
(Hardcopy terminals) are characterized by their printing capability. These are usually dumb terminals
Teleprinter terminals
78
has the advantage of the processing capability of the computer to provide additional capabilities.
PC terminals (Microcomputers and workstations)
79
A standalone information station that allows users to browse and retrieve information
Kiosk
80
Interactive Terminals
Kiosk
81
A terminal defined as a standard on a network that can handle diverse terminals .
Virtual Terminal
82
is any type of specialized terminal configured to operate in a remote location and to transmit and/or receive data from a host computer in batch form, usually over a voice grade line
remote job entry (RJE) terminal
83
remote job entry (RJE) terminal is also called
remote batch terminal (RBT).
84
are special purpose terminals devoted to a particular type of application
Transaction terminals
85
They are primarily used in the retail environment and supermarkets for recording data as sales are made. Some of them are capable of reading bar codes printed on the product
Point of sale (POS) terminals
86
They are transaction terminals used to read account, identifying information on the magnetic strips (on credit cards) and are used to verify credit status
Credit/debit terminals
87
include automatic teller machines (ATMs), passbook reader/printers, magnetic ink character recognition (MICR) equipment, and the like
Banking terminals
88
where users can deposit or withdraw money, make transfers between different bank accounts, and pay bills.
Automated teller machines(ATMs)
89
are designed to withstand severe conditions, such as vibration and heat. They are usually configured as input devices
Factory data collection terminals
90
is basically a telecopying device that transmits/receive copy to/ from a remote location
Facsimile (FAX) terminal
91
Application that converts and sends the white and black areas of a page over telephone wires or wireless networks to a receiving machine that converts the coding back into white and black areas and prints the message.
Facsimile (FAX)
92
Terminal device that does not share a controller with another terminal
Stand alone terminal
93
Terminal through which data can be entered by means of a typewriter like keyboard
Keyboard terminal
94
Terminal specialized by hardware and/ or software to display graphics in addition to text.
Graphics terminal
95
The cluster control unit functions are
* Line interface
* Buffering
* Error checking
* Message retransmission
* Local communication
* Format control
* Polling
96
Terminals that are in the same room or building may be configured in a
cluster
97
By _____, a single cluster control unit (CCU) can serve the entire set of devices thereby lowering costs and improving line utilization.
clustering terminals
98
They allow several remote terminals at one site on a common multipoint circuit to share
a single modem at that site.
Modem sharing devices
99
do not multiplex; they simply provide a means of sharing the serial interface of one modem among several terminals
Modem sharing devices
100
The addressed terminal turns the line around. If it has data, it sends the data to the controller otherwise it puts a polling message addressed to its neighbor on the line.
Hub polling
101
enables transmission via polling and broadcasting. These devices are also called as control units or cluster controllers
Modem sharing devices
102
It is the process of asking each device in a prearranged sequence if it has a message to send; if so, the polling sequence is interrupted while that device is being serviced
Polling
103
enable terminal users to connect to more than one network and switch between them, without plugging or unplugging any connector cables.
Line interface modules
104
They allow interconnection of terminals or microcomputers to host mainframe computers in many types of configurations
Line adapters
105
It allows several incoming communication circuits to use a single port on a front end processor. All front end processors have a fixed capacity of ports.
Port sharing device
106
A _____ may be used when users want to exceed this designed capacity.
port sharing device
107
are similar to port sharing devices except in the matter of location.
Line splitter
108
are located at the remote end of the communication circuit, where as port sharing devices are at the central site close to the host mainframe computer
Line splitters
109
They allow two or more analog circuits to be shared as one
Line bridging devices
110
They allow one modem to be used with circuits to more than one destination . Telephone companies and users use bridges to create multipoint analog circuits from point to point segments
Line bridging devices
111
They are used to connect two DTEs directly.
Modem eliminators
112
They also are called null modems.
Modem eliminators
113
There are three types of terminals to be used on a network
Dumb, Smart and Intelligent Terminals
114
nonprogrammable ; addressable; data stored in buffer to transmit block mode; limited processing capabilities
Smart Terminals
115
have no processing power; not addressable; cannot respond to polling messages; no error detection; located near host computer
Dumb Terminals
116
contains own processor; runs applications; PC is example; provides better line utilization; communication software must run in the terminal
Intelligent Terminals
117
collect data from multiple stations and combine them into a single high speed bit stream.
Multiplexers
118
Can emulate any of the 3 terminal types
Terminal Emulation
119
provide end to end error checking and
correction, and circuit sharing.
Multiplexers
120
A device that combines data traffic from several low speed communication circuits onto a single high speed circuit.
Multiplexers
121
They can be used on multipoint circuits, but individual channels usually must each
be for start stop data.
Frequency division multiplexers
122
two types of multiplexers:
Frequency division multiplexers, Time Division Multiplexers
123
Advantage of FDM
They are robust. Failure of one channel does not affect other sub channels
124
They assign each terminal a dedicated portion of the transmission capacity of the shared line.
Classical TDMs (or dumb TDM)
125
They can be used if all channels are point to point.
Time Division Multiplexers (TDM)
126
send idle (masking) bits when a channel becomes inactive, they waste a lot of potential capacity when the duty cycles are low.
Classical TDMs (or dumb TDM)
127
Line capacity utilization is better than FDMs. They generally allow faster bit rates and potentially more channels than FDM at less cost.
Time Division Multiplexers (TDM)
128
They permit mixing of bit rates of the sub channels
Time Division Multiplexers (TDM)
129
They should be used if the duty cycles (time sent filling time slots with actual data ) of the data channels to be multiplexed are relatively high. A high duty cycle means that the channel is actually carrying bits most of the time.
Classical TDMs (or dumb TDM)
130
Whenever usage statistics show low duty cycles as the normal mode of utilization for most of the channels to be multiplexed, a _____ is usually a good choice.
Statistical TDMs (or smart TDMs)
131
A time division multiplexer (TDM) that dynamically allocates communication circuit time to each of the various attached terminals, according to whether a terminal is active or inactive at a particular moment. Buffering and queuing functions are also included.
Statistical TDMs (or smart TDMs)
132
These devices send only data bits (no idle bits ), so they can appear to have a higher total bit rate than the actual rate if high percentage of idle bits are coming from the terminals.
Statistical TDMs (or smart TDMs)
133
Each time slot is one bit. Totally transparent to the terminals
Bit interleaved multiplexer
134
Each time slot is one byte. The start stop bits of the characters are stripped during multiplexing and again reinserted after demultiplexing
Byte interleaved multiplexer
135
is an advanced form of statistical time division multiplexer ( STDM) that combines voice, video and data transmission.
Fast packet multiplexer
136
This multiplexing allows both the data and voice to be sent with less capacity on the multiplexed circuit. The remaining capacity can be used for more data or voice transmissions.
Fast packet multiplexer
137
is similar to the multiplexer except that is usually a single end device
Concentrator
138
is a device that acts as an efficient forwarder of data transmission signals.
Concentrator
139
A ____ is sometimes referred to as a concentrator.
remote access hub
140
A is a node that broadcasts data to every computer or Ethernet
based device connected to it
network hub
141
>:(
aggregator
142
A typical concentrator or remote access hub is a device that handles incoming dial up calls for an Internet (or other network) ____ and performs other services.
point-of- presence
143
On the Internet, a ___ is an access point from one place to the rest of the Internet
point of presence (POP)
144
A concentrator or hub may be able to handle up to ___ dial up modem calls, support a certain number of ____, a set of CCITT/ITU standards for circuit switched transmission, connections and support leased line and frame relay traffic while also functioning as a router.
100 ; ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network)
145
Some IT professionals may use the term _____ to talk about a system that takes in buffered packets and puts them into a single queue.
“network concentrator”
146
IT professionals may talk about a network concentrator as a ____ or more generally point out this function within a network system that handles multiple streams or threads and combines them into a single point of service.
“forwarder”
147
may also be part of troubleshooting efforts, where system administrators may check to see that the concentrator is taking in and outputting signals correctly.
Concentrators
148
A device which can do the following functions can be called as
communications processor
