lesson 8 control of blood glucose and concentration Flashcards
why is glucose needed by every cell
to release energy by respiration
(very important that concentration of glucose in the blood is kept as constant as possible)
the blood glucose concentration is monitored by what
the pancreas
after a meal rich of carbohydrates what happens to the concentration of glucose in the blood
it will rise
when the concentration of glucose in the blood rises,
this is sensed by what and produces what
sensed by the pancreas as produces hormone insulin
insulin travels in the bloodstream where
all around the body
insulin travels in the bloodstream all around the body and it triggers what
body cells to take up glucose from the blood
insulin also triggers liver and muscle cells to do what
store access glucose, as a storage molecule called glycogen
as glucose is being taken out of the blood and stored, means what
the concentration of glucose in the body returns to a normal level
if some people’s blood glucose control does not work effectively, it means they have which condition
diabetes
in type 1 diabetes, the pancreas doesn’t produce what
enough insulin
a person without diabetes blood glucose concentration rapidly returns to what
why
normal
due to the affects of insulin
in a person with type 1 diabetes, the blood glucose concentration rises, and then what
why
it stays at a high level
pancreas cannot produce sufficient insulin
if blood glucose rises too much, people with type 1 diabetes will do what
why
inject themselves with insulin
so their blood glucose concentration will fall
in type 2 diabetes, the body cells do what to the insulin
it stops responding to insulin produced by the pancreas
in type 2 diabetes, the peoples blood glucose can also what
rise too high
how is type 2 diabetes treated
by a diet often containing a controlled level of carbs
why do people with type 2 diabetes have a diet with a controlled level of carbs
so your blood glucose concentration doesn’t rise too high
people with type 2 diabetes are also advised to what
take exercise
a major risk factor of type 2 diabetes is what
obesity
if the blood glucose concentration is too low, then the pancreas produces which hormone
glucagon into the bloodstream
glucagon triggers what to liver cells
to convert glycogen back to glucose
as glycogen is converted back to glucose due to glucagon, the glucose from the glycogen then goes where
back into the blood stream so blood glucose levels return to normal
the blood glucose concentration with people without diabetes is kept constant, how
as the blood glucose concentration is controlled by a balance between insulin and glucagon
