Lesson 8

Question 1

Heredity

Answer 1

The passing in of physical or mental characteristics from one generation to another

Question 2

Self-pollination

Answer 2

When a plant has both gamates and fertilizes itself

Question 3

Cross pollination

Answer 3

The male gamate of one plant fertilizes the female gamate of another plant

Question 4

Purebred

Answer 4

A plant which has only been self-pollinated

Question 5

Dominant trait

Answer 5

A genetic trait that has a higher likelihood of being passed on to the next generation

Question 6

Recessive trait

Answer 6

A genetic trait that is not as likely to be passed on to the next generation

Question 7

Alleles

Answer 7

Different versions of the same genes

Question 8

Genotype

Answer 8

The combination of alleles carried by an organism all genes collectively whether dominant or recessive

Question 9

Phenotype

Answer 9

What the organismo actually looks like

Question 10

Homozygous

Answer 10

When an organism has 2 copies of the same allele—either both dominant or recessive

Question 11

Heterozygous

Answer 11

When an organism has 2 different copies of the same allele—one dominant and one recessive

Question 12

The law of segregation

Answer 12

The segregation of the alleles (dominant and recessive) into the gamates of an organism is random

Question 13

Punnet square

Answer 13

A simple way to depict genetic crosses and determine the probability of a specific genotype or phenotype

Question 14

Test cross

Answer 14

The process of observing the offspring of a plant to determine if the parent plant is homozygous or heterozygous

Question 15

Monohybrid crosses

Answer 15

Crosses that only look at one trait of an organism 👀

Question 16

Law of independent assortment

Answer 16

Alleles of 2 or more different genes are sorted into gamates independently of one another

Question 17

Dihybrid cross

Answer 17

The type of cross that deals with 2 different pairs of traits at the same time

Question 18

Incomplete dominance

Answer 18

When 2 alleles are both expressed resulting in a blended phenotype

Question 19

Codominance

Answer 19

When 2 alleles are both expressed but the characteristics are seen side by side

Question 20

X linked traits

Answer 20

Traits only coded for only on the X chromosome

Question 21

Carrier

Answer 21

An individual who doesn’t exhibit a trait but carries the gene for the trait – the trait is in their genotype but not the phenotype for that individual

Question 22

Polygenic inheritance

Answer 22

When a single trait is controlled by multiple sets of genes