Lesson 2 Flashcards
Chemistry
The study of matter 🪔
Atoms
Atoms are the building blocks of elements ⚛
Protons
Positive charge 😃
Neutrons
Neutral charge
Electrons
Negative charge ☹
Valence shell
The outermost shell in an atom
Valence electrons
The electrons in the valence shell
Octet rule
Most elements are most stable with 8 electrons in their valence shell
Ion
An atom with a positive or negative charge
Iconic bond
The force connecting a positively charged atom with a negatively charged one 😃+☹
Covalent bond
The force between 2 or more atoms sharing electrons in their valence shells
Polar bonding
The force between 2 elements on a polar molecule
Non-polar bonding
When the electrons are evenly distributed among atoms in a molecule
Chemical reaction
When atoms come together to make a molecule or when a molecule breaks up into separate atoms. 🔥
Reactants
The atoms that come together to form a molecule in a chemical reaction
Product
A molecule that results from reactants coming together
1sr law of thermodynamics
Matter can neither be created or destroyed
2nd law of thermodynamics
Entropy everything wears out and falls apart
The building blocks of life
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
Carbohydrates
Give energy to living cells
Lipids
Used for energy, insulation, and protection
Proteins
Made from amino acids
Nucleic acids
Found in the nucleus of the cell
Example: DNA, RNA
