Lesson 8 Flashcards
Name all 7 FIRs
Vancouver
Edmonton
Winnipeg
Toronto
Montreal
Moncton
Gander
What does IFR stand for?
Instrument Flight Rules. It is the responsibility of air traffic controllers, not pilots, to maintain separation between IFR aircraft.
When is a flight considered to have begun?
A flight begins when a person boards an aircraft with the intention of flight. It ends when all persons have disembarked.
What are the 3 phases of flights
• Departure
• Enroute
• Arrival
The departure phase consists of three sub-phases - what are they?
pre-flight, takeoff, and initial climb
Pre-flight occurs in three steps - what are they?
- Standing: Aircraft is stationary prior to pushback or taxi at the gate, apron, or parking area.
- Pushback: Aircraft is moving in the gate, apron, or parking area, assisted by a tow vehicle (tug).
- Taxi: Aircraft is moving on the aerodrome surface under its own power prior to takeoff.
Describe Take Off
Takeoff occurs from the application of takeoff power, through rotation, and to an altitude of 35 feet above runway elevation.
Describe initial climb
Initial climb occurs from the end of the takeoff phase to the first prescribed power reduction, or until reaching 1000 feet above runway elevation or the VFR pattern, whichever comes first.
The enroute phase differs for IFR and VFR aircraft. - describe both
• IFR: The enroute phase starts at the completion of the initial climb and continues through
cruise altitude to the completion of controlled descent to the initial approach fix (IAF).
• VFR: The enroute phase starts at the completion of the initial climb and continues
through cruise altitude to the controlled descent to the VFR pattern altitude or 1000 feet
above runway elevation, whichever comes first.
Arrival consists of three subphases: what are they?
approach, landing, and post-flight.
Approach differs for IFR and VFR aircraft. Can you describe both subphases?
• For IFR aircraft, approach occurs from the initial approach fix (IAF) to the beginning of the landing flare (when the nose of the aircraft is raised, slowing the descent rate, and the proper attitude is set for touchdown).
• For VFR aircraft, approach occurs from the point of VFR pattern entry, or 1000 feet above the runway elevation, to the beginning of the landing flare.
Describe landing subphase
For both IFR and VFR, landing occurs from the beginning of the landing flare until the aircraft exits the landing runway, comes to a stop on the runway, or when power is applied for takeoff in the case of a touch-and-go landing.
Post-flight occurs in two steps. What are they and can you describe them?
Post-flight occurs in two steps.
- Taxi: The aircraft moves on the aerodrome surface under its own power after landing.
- Standing: After arrival at the gate, apron, or parking area, the aircraft is stationary
Describe top of descent
Top of descent is where to begin a descent from cruise altitude to minimize fuel usage, pollution, and noise by having the engines at their minimum thrust setting (idle) from cruise altitude to the final approach fix.
Top of descent is the point at which the crew will begin their descent from cruising altitude to the final approach fix.
What are the 6 groups of frequencies?
Clearance delivery
Ground
Tower
Terminal departure
Enroute
Terminal arrival
