Lesson 6 Flashcards
How often are operational charts updated and published?
Every 56 days
What is the difference between Airways and Air Routes?
Airways are the highways of the sky, used by aircraft to go from one point to another in
controlled airspace, like driving from one city to another.
Air routes are more like gravel roads, allowing aircraft to move from one point to another but in
uncontrolled airspace, like driving in rural areas.
A low-level airway (LLA) is a route within controlled low-level airspace.
What are the vertical limitations of a LLA?
Controlled LLAs extend from 2200 feet above ground level (AGL) up to, but not including,
18 000 feet above sea level (ASL).
ATC services are provided in LLAs within specific boundaries - what are the four types of LLAs?
• VHF/UHF airways
• LF/MF airways
• Combination VHF/UHF and LF/MF airways
• T-routes
VHF/UHF airways are airways from one ___ or ___ to another.
VHF/UHF airways are airways from one VOR or VORTAC to another.
A low-level airway (LLA) is a route within controlled low-level airspace.
Controlled LLAs extend from ____ feet above ground level (AGL) up to, but not including,
____ feet above sea level (ASL).
Controlled LLAs extend from 2200 feet above ground level (AGL) up to, but not including,
18 000 feet above sea level (ASL).
VHF/UHF Airways Dimensions
A VOR is protected ___ NM on either side of the airway centreline to a distance of ___ NM from the
VOR, then within lines that diverge at ___ degrees from the VOR until they meet similar lines
from the adjacent NAVAID.
A VOR is protected 4 NM on either side of the airway centreline to a distance of 51 NM from the
VOR, then within lines that diverge at 4.5 degrees from the VOR until they meet similar lines
from the adjacent NAVAID.
This extra width (called splay) is required when the distance between the adjacent facilities is
too great to rely on the position data to be accurate within 4 NM of the centreline.
What is the minimum width of a VHF/UHF airway?
The minimum width of VHF/UHF airways is 4 NM on either side of the centreline.
LF/MF airways extend from one ____ to another
LF/MF airways extend from one non-directional beacon (NDB) to another
LF/MF Airways Dimensions
An LF/MF airway is protected ____ NM on either side of the airway centreline to a distance of
___ NM from the NDB, and then within lines that diverge at ___ degrees from the NDB until they
meet similar lines from the adjacent NAVAID.
An LF/MF airway is protected 4.34 NM on either side of the airway centreline to a distance of
50 NM from the NDB, and then within lines that diverge at 5 degrees from the NDB until they
meet similar lines from the adjacent NAVAID.
What is the minimum width of an LF/MF airway?
The minimum width of LF/MF airways is 4.34 NM on either side of the centreline
Combination VHF/UHF and LF/MF airways extend between a ___ and an___.
Combination VHF/UHF and LF/MF airways extend between a VOR/VORTAC and an NDB
What is the minimum width of a Combination VHF/UHF and LF/MF Airway on either side of the centreline?
The minimum width of a Combination VHF/UHF and LF/MF Airway is 4.34 NM on either side of the centreline.
Where a Victor airway is established based on a VOR/VORTAC and NDB, the boundaries of
that airway will be the same as those of an LF/MF airway.
What is the name of the low-level airway that includes the following:
• VHF/UHF airways
• Combination VHF/UHF and LF/MF airways
Victor airway
What is a T route?
A T-route is a fixed low-level controlled RNAV route that requires GNSS (global navigation
satellite system) and RNAV (area navigation) systems for use.
What are the dimensions of a T route?
The protected airspace associated with RNAV T-routes is 10 NM on either side of the
centreline. It does not splay because the accuracy of the position data does not diminish at
greater distances between points.
Define a low-level air route
A low-level air route is a route within low-level uncontrolled airspace
ATC service is not provided for air routes.
There are four types of low-level air routes. What are they?
VHF/UHF air routes extend from one VOR/VORTAC to another.
• LF/MF air routes extend from one NDB to another.
• Combination VHF/UHF and LF/MF air routes extend between a VOR/VORTAC to an
NDB.
• L-Routes are fixed RNAV routes that require GNSS RNAV systems for use.
An L-Route is a route within low-level uncontrolled airspace. (true or false)
True - An L-Route is a route within low-level uncontrolled airspace. A T-Route is an airway within low-level controlled airspace.
A high-level airway is a prescribed track between specified fixes in controlled high-level airspace (HLA).
On aeronautical charts, high-level airways are indicated by the letter ___ and are referred to as
___ airways.
On aeronautical charts, high-level airways are indicated by the letter J and are referred to as
jet airways.
What is the term used for high-level fixed RNAV routes?
Q-routes are high-level fixed RNAV routes.
They require an RNAV system with performance capabilities currently only met by a GNSS or
distance measuring equipment/inertial reference unit (DME/IRU) systems.
What is the purpose of a control zone?
The purpose of a control zone is to keep IFR aircraft within controlled airspace during approaches and to facilitate the control of VFR and IFR traffic.
What are the dimensions of a control zone on the civilian side?
If there is a civilian control tower within a terminal control area, the radius of a
control zone is 7 NM. If not, the radius will typically be 5 NM.
Control zones are usually capped at 3000 feet above aerodrome elevation (AAE) unless
otherwise specified.
What is the purpose of a Terminal Control Area?
Terminal control areas (TCAs) exist at high-volume airports to provide ATC service to arriving,
departing, and enroute aircraft.
