Lesson 7: LTM/Declarative (Explicit Memory)

Question 1

Serial Position Curve

Answer 1

Rad stimulus list, write all words
- Primacy Effect: Rehearsal, LTM
- Recency Effect: Fresh words, STM
-Delay recall with background counting gets rid of recency effect
- LTM: Longer lasting and susceptible to semantic interference
-STM: Susceptible to rapid decay and phonological interference

Question 2

Memory Coding

Answer 2

Coding that is used (auditory, semantic, visual) depends on the situation
- Auditory most common in STM
- Semantic most common in LTM

Question 3

Proactive Interfernce

Answer 3

Decreases when a different category of stimuli is presented
- Related to the meaning of what you’re seeing
- Given list of fruits, list of jobs, list of animals is easier than 3 diff lists of animals

Question 4

Retrograde Amnesia

Answer 4

Loss of memory with things that happened before the injury
- Most impaired: things right before accident

Question 5

Proactive Interference

Answer 5

Decreases when a different category of stimuli is presented
- Related to the meaning of what you’re seeing
- Given list of fruits, list of jobs, list of animals is easier than 3 diff lists of animals

Question 6

Patient HM

Answer 6

Hippocampus removed and. above normal intelligence, normal STM, severe anterograde amnesia and retrograde amnesia for 3 years before surgery

Question 7

Hippocampus

Answer 7

Critical for one’s ability to encode new long term memories

Question 8

Patient KF

Answer 8

Damage near left sylvian fissure: STM deficits with reduced recency effect, without LTM deficits

Question 9

Double Dissociation

Answer 9

STM not needed to get to LTM since KF had STM deficits with no LTM deficits

Question 10

Declarative (Explicit) Memory

Answer 10

Things you can voice
- Episodic: events
-Semantic: facts

Question 11

Patient KC

Answer 11

No episodic memory, but semantic memory in tact

Question 12

L.P. Italian Woman

Answer 12

Impaired semantic memory, but episodic memory for past events preserved

Question 13

Episodic & Semantic

Answer 13

Occur together in autobiographical memories (episodic can be lost while semantic is retained)
- Episodic can improve semantic
- Semantic can change episodic memory

Question 14

Time Effect

Answer 14

Forgetting is NOT all or none - Remember/Know Procedure
- Episodic: Remember if a stimulus is familiar and the circumstance under which it was encountered?
- Semantic: Know if the stimulus is familiar but don’t remember experiencing earlier?

Question 15

Semanticization of Memory

Answer 15

Loss of episodic details for memories of long-ago events
- Episodic memory decreases with time and semantic decreases a little

Question 16

Critical Brain Area for Declarative Memory

Answer 16

Hippocampal Region