Lesson 11: Attention Flashcards
Inattentional (Change) Blindness
Occurs when a stimulus is not attended and therefore is not perceived, even if you look directly at it (does not go into LTM)
Mack and ROck (1998)
Indicate which arm was longer, and then asked what shape they saw and reported not seeing a shape
Cocktail Party Phenomenon/Cherry’s Shadowing Experiments
Dichotic Listening: simultaneously listening got 2 streams of audio
Shadowing: repeating out loud one of the messages
- Can sense physical and sensory changes (language/music/gender), but not semantic changes (change of language, playing message backward)
-Subjects can notice their name and shadow meaningful messages that switch ears
Broadbent’s Filter Theory
Messages→→Sensory Memory→→Filter (Attended message remains)→Detector→Memory
Early Selection Theory
Inputs(senses)→Perceptual analyses (filter)→Semantic Encoding→Executive Functions→Output
- makes the least sense
Treisman’s Leaky Filter
Unattended info can break through and be perceived if they are high enough priority. Unattended channel is only degraded or attenuated.
Attenuating (Leaky) Filter
Inputs→→Perceptual Analysis→→Semantic Encoding→Executive functions→Output
MacKay’s Late Selection THeory
Only at the output/conscious experience where the consciousness happens
Late Selection Theory
Inputs→→Perceptual Analysis→→Semantic Encoding→→Executive functions→Output
Processing Cap and Limits
We select what we want to attend to and if our attention is divided b/w 2+ things = poor perception
Stroop Task
Naming the color of the writing out loud
- Word nae interferes with task ability because reading of the words is automatic and uses attentional resources
Attentional Blink Paradigm
Single vs Dual task
- Better at dual tasks when there is a larger T1-T2 lag
-Attentional resources are used up by processing the 1st target and causing a “blink” for the 2nd target
Inattentional Deafness
Super focused on auditory things you can miss visual things and vice versa
Overt Attention
The focus of attention follows the gaze of the eye
Covert Attention
The focus of attention in the peripheral vision (not dependent on gaze)
Eye Tracking (usually covert)
Illuminates eyeball with light and can see pupil and corneal reflection. Pupil moves as you look around screen and corneal reflection stays still.
Eye Tracker Calibration
Tell them to look at target and take note of pupil and corneal reflection, then calculate
Eye Trackers
Get information on where the subject is paying attention and what areas are of the most interest (able to see what captures people’s attention the most on websites)
