Lesson 7 Key Terms

Question 1

associative complex hypothesis

Answer 1

Theory that each example of a meaning category states something with a core concept
Ex) pants, shirt, shoes, and hat are all clothing
Vygotskyan concept

Question 2

consonant cluster reduction

Answer 2

The phonological process seen in preschool children in which one or more consonants are deleted from a cluster of two or more in order to simplify production
Ex) poon for spoon, tuck for truck

Question 3

fast mapping

Answer 3

Quick, sketchy, and tentative formation of a link between a particular referent and a new name that enables a child to have access to and use the word in any immediate although somewhat limited way, though in time the word will be free from initial context

Question 4

functional-core hypothesis

Answer 4

Theory that word meanings represent dynamic relationships, such as actions or functional uses, rather than static perceptual traits
Nelson concept

Question 5

holophrase

Answer 5

Early one-word utterances that convey a holistic communicative intention
Ex) stop, no, mine

Question 6

initial mapping

Answer 6

See fast mapping

Question 7

item-based construction

Answer 7

Two word utterances seemingly based on word-order rules with specific words influenced by how a child has heard a particular word being used

Question 8

lexicon

Answer 8

Individual dictionary of each person containing words and the underlying concepts of each, dynamic and changing with experience

Question 9

neighborhood density

Answer 9

The number of possible words that differ by one phoneme and a factor characteristic in shaping a child’s emerging lexical system

Question 10

open syllable

Answer 10

Syllable, usually consonant-vowel (CV), ending in a vowel
Ex) go, no, hi,

Question 11

otitis media

Answer 11

Middle ear infection

Question 12

overextension

Answer 12

Process in which a child applies a words meaning to more examples than an adult would

Question 13

pivot schemas

Answer 13

Two-word utterances in which one word or phrase (want or more) seems to structure the utterance by defining intent of the utterance as a whole, such as a demand
Ex) more cookie, more juice, more apple, help me, we go

Question 14

presupposition

Answer 14

Process of assuming which information a listener possesses or may need

Question 15

prototypic complex hypothesis

Answer 15

Theory that word meanings represent an underlying concept exemplified by a central referent, or prototype, that is best example or a composite of the concept

Question 16

reduplication

Answer 16

Phonological process in which child repeats one syllable in a multisylabic word
Ex) wawa for water

Question 17

semantic-feature hypothesis

Answer 17

Theory that word meanings represent universal semantic features or attributes, such as animate/inanimate and male/female
Clark theory

Question 18

underextension

Answer 18

Process in which a child applies a word meaning to fewer examples than an adult would, child’s definition is too restrictive and more limited

Question 19

word combination

Answer 19

Two-word utterances consisting of roughly equivalent words that divide an experience into multiple units