Lesson 7 Key Terms Flashcards
associative complex hypothesis
Theory that each example of a meaning category states something with a core concept
Ex) pants, shirt, shoes, and hat are all clothing
Vygotskyan concept
consonant cluster reduction
The phonological process seen in preschool children in which one or more consonants are deleted from a cluster of two or more in order to simplify production
Ex) poon for spoon, tuck for truck
fast mapping
Quick, sketchy, and tentative formation of a link between a particular referent and a new name that enables a child to have access to and use the word in any immediate although somewhat limited way, though in time the word will be free from initial context
functional-core hypothesis
Theory that word meanings represent dynamic relationships, such as actions or functional uses, rather than static perceptual traits
Nelson concept
holophrase
Early one-word utterances that convey a holistic communicative intention
Ex) stop, no, mine
initial mapping
See fast mapping
item-based construction
Two word utterances seemingly based on word-order rules with specific words influenced by how a child has heard a particular word being used
lexicon
Individual dictionary of each person containing words and the underlying concepts of each, dynamic and changing with experience
neighborhood density
The number of possible words that differ by one phoneme and a factor characteristic in shaping a child’s emerging lexical system
open syllable
Syllable, usually consonant-vowel (CV), ending in a vowel
Ex) go, no, hi,
otitis media
Middle ear infection
overextension
Process in which a child applies a words meaning to more examples than an adult would
pivot schemas
Two-word utterances in which one word or phrase (want or more) seems to structure the utterance by defining intent of the utterance as a whole, such as a demand
Ex) more cookie, more juice, more apple, help me, we go
presupposition
Process of assuming which information a listener possesses or may need
prototypic complex hypothesis
Theory that word meanings represent an underlying concept exemplified by a central referent, or prototype, that is best example or a composite of the concept
reduplication
Phonological process in which child repeats one syllable in a multisylabic word
Ex) wawa for water
semantic-feature hypothesis
Theory that word meanings represent universal semantic features or attributes, such as animate/inanimate and male/female
Clark theory
underextension
Process in which a child applies a word meaning to fewer examples than an adult would, child’s definition is too restrictive and more limited
word combination
Two-word utterances consisting of roughly equivalent words that divide an experience into multiple units
