Lesson 7: Evolution of the Invertebrates

Question 1

What is the title of lesson 7?

Answer 1

Evolution of Invertebrates

Question 2

T or F
Basic features of their body plan can characterize animals.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

T or F
Radial Symmetry has a top and bottom but lacks a back and front or right and left sides. An imaginary slice through the central axis divides them into mirror images.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

This type of symmetry have mirror-image right and left sides.

Answer 4

Bilateral Symmetry

Question 5

State at least 4 characteristics that animals with bilateral symmetry have.

Answer 5

1. distinct head or anterior end
2. tail or posterior end
3. back or dorsal surface
4. bottom or ventral surface.

Question 6

These are collections of specialized cells that perform special functions.

Answer 6

Tissues

Question 7

Give one example of an animal group that lacks true tissues.

Answer 7

Sponges

Question 8

Enumerate the three embryonic layers.

Answer 8

1. Ectoderm
2. Mesoderm
3. Endoderm

Question 9

T or F: Some animals have only ectoderm and endoderm.

Answer 9

True

Question 10

This is a fluid-filled space between the digestive tract and outer body wall

Answer 10

Body Cavity

Question 10

Enumerate 2 functions for the body cavity

Answer 10

1. cushions internal organs
2. enables organs to grow and move independently of the body wall.

Question 10

In soft-bodied animals, fluid in the body cavity forms this structure.

Answer 10

Hydrostatic skeleton

Question 10

T or False: Animals can be characterized by basic features of their body plan

Answer 10

True

Question 10

The opening formed during gastrulation develops into what orifice in protostomes and deuterostomes.

Answer 10

1. mouth in protostomes
2. anus in deuterostomes

Question 11

State two basis for comparison between animals which can be used to build phylogenetic trees.

Answer 11

Body plans and molecular comparisons

Question 12

These are animals with true tissues

Answer 12

Eumetazoans

Question 13

This branch is named after a feeding part called a lophophore and trochophore larvae.

Answer 13

Lophotrochozoans

Question 14

This is a group of animals that shed their exoskeletons.

Answer 14

Ecdysozoans.

Question 15

This is a group of organisms that share larval development, they include echinoderms and chordates

Answer 15

deuterostomes

Question 16

What is the estimated fossil dating for invertebrate fossils

Answer 16

between 575 and 542MYA

Question 17

Animal diversification began how many years ago?

Answer 17

more than half a billion years ago

Question 18

State at least three features for the discovered invertebrate fossil.

Answer 18

1. were flat and plate-shaped
2. were segmented
3. had bilateral symmetry
4. lived on the bottom of shallow seas
5. were made of soft tissues
6. absorbed nutrients from the surrounding water

Question 19

What period did the diversity of invertebrates began?

Answer 19

Cambrian Period (544 MYA)

Question 20

Ancestors of most modern animal phyla first appeared in what evidential record?

Answer 20

Fossil Record

Question 21

The animals of the Burgess Shale had many of the characteristics of modern-day invertebrates, including:

Answer 21

body symmetry segmentation a skeleton a front and a back end appendages adapted for many functions

Question 22

Many features of modern invertebrates evolved during the Cambrian period, such as:

Answer 22

tissues and organs patterns of early development body symmetry cephalization segmentation formation of three germ layers and a coelom

Question 23

What are the significant trends in invertebrate evolution?

Answer 23

Refer to Slides 32 and 33 on the ppt. "Comparing Invertebrates"

Question 24

These two animal groups exhibit radial symmetry where parts extend from the center of the body.

Answer 24

Cnidarians and echinoderms

Question 25

Worms, mollusks, and arthropods exhibit what type of symmetry?

Answer 25

Bilateral Symmetry

Question 26

This process refers to the concentration of sense organs and nerve cells in the front of the body

Answer 26

Cephalization

Question 27

What advantage does cephalization provide invertebrates?

Answer 27

Invertebrates with cephalization can respond to the environment more sophisticatedly than simpler invertebrates.

Question 28

In most worms and arthropods, neurons are arranged into what structure?

Answer 28

ganglia

Question 29

In more complex invertebrates, nervous tissue forms an organ known as the?

Answer 29

brain

Question 30

It allows an animal to increase its size with minimal new genetic material

Answer 30

Segmentation

Question 31

This allows independent organ movement and growth within invertebrates

Answer 31

Hydrostatic skeleton

Question 32

State the three terms used to describe the presence of a fluid-filled space called a coelom

Answer 32

Coelomates Pseudocoelomates Acoelomates

Question 33

Coelom Formation in Flatworms.

Answer 33

aceolomate

Question 34

Coelom formation that has a body cavity lined partially with mesoderm.

Answer 34

pseudoceolomates

Question 35

In most invertebrates, the zygote divides to form a hollow ball of cells called the?

Answer 35

blastula

Question 36

In protostomes, what do you call the opening of the blastula? which develops into a mouth.

Answer 36

blastopore

Question 37

In deuterostomes, the blastopore forms what orifice?

Answer 37

anus.

Question 38

Embryological Development is based on what?

Answer 38

Based on the fate of gastrula

Question 39

Cnidarians exhibit two kinds of radially symmetrical body forms. Which are?

Answer 39

1. polyp 2. Medusa

Question 40

A cnidarian body form that is primarily a sedentary body. Which is cylindrical with tentacles projecting from one end

Answer 40

polyp

Question 41

A cnidarian body form that is more mobile. Exemplified by a marine jelly

Answer 41

medusa

Question 42

T or F: Diverse mollusks are variations of a common body plan

Answer 42

True

Question 43

Asymmetrical, sessile, aquatic animals with unique structures called choanocytes

Answer 43

sponges

Question 43

skeletal support that contains mineralized material

Answer 43

spicules

Question 44

These structure in sponges moves water within the body.

Answer 44

choanocytes

Question 45

skeletal support that is made up of flexible protein

Answer 45

spongin

Question 46

Cnidarians have this structures within tentacles that capture and immobilizes prey

Answer 46

Cnidocytes

Question 47

The animal group that has Bilateral, triploblastic, acoelomate, sac plan.

Answer 47

Flatworms

Question 48

What do you call the the anterior end of a tapeworm, bearing suckers and hooks for attachment?

Answer 48

Scolex

Question 49

Two types of platyhelminthes

Answer 49

free-living and animal parasite

Question 50

Pseudocoelomate, tube within a tube plan, separate sexes, and lateral muscles

Answer 50

Roundworms

Question 51

Two types of nematodes

Answer 51

Parasitic and free-living

Question 52

What are the three mollusk classes?

Answer 52

Gastropoda, Cephalopoda, and bivalva

Question 53

This is a mass containing most of the internal organs

Answer 53

visceral mass

Question 54

What is the locomotive organ in phylum mollusca?

Answer 54

Muscular foot

Question 55

This part of a mollusk secretes a shell that encloses the visceral mass

Answer 55

mantle

Question 56

What is the feeding organ of a mollusc?

Answer 56

radula

Question 57

Largest group of molluscs that include the snails and slugs.

Answer 57

Gastropods

Question 58

Breathing organs between snails and slugs.

Answer 58

snails use mantle cavity as lung, slugs have long colorful projections that function as gills.

Question 59

A mollusc class that include clams, oysters, mussels, and scallops

Answer 59

bivalves

Question 60

Include squids, octopuses, and nautiluses,

Answer 60

Cephalopods

Question 61

an animal class often referred to as segmented worms

Answer 61

annelids

Question 62

Excreting organ for annelids

Answer 62

Nephridia

Question 63

What are the three annelid classes?

Answer 63

Oligochaeta Polychaeta Hirudenia

Question 64

State the three parts of an insect.

Answer 64

Head, abdoman, thorax

Question 65

State the three parts of an insect.

Answer 65

Head, abdomen, thorax

Question 66

A phylum with external radial symmetry as an adult, bilateral as larvae

Answer 66

Echinodermata

Question 67

Locomotive structure for echinoderms

Answer 67

tube feet

Question 68

What is the most abundant animals in today's context?

Answer 68

insects

Question 69

T or F: Modern Invertebrates thrive in nearly every ecosystem

Answer 69

True

Question 70

T or F: Modern Invertebrates do not outnumber the so-called higher animals

Answer 70

False