Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Evolutionary Biology > Exam Lecture (Finals) > Flashcards

Exam Lecture (Finals) Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Is a multicellular, eukaryotic heterotroph whose cells lack cell walls.

A

animal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

T or F
Animals are specialized to carry out the following essential functions: feeding, respiration, circulation, excretion, response, movement, and reproduction.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

T or F
In general, complex animals tend to have high levels of cell specialization and internal organization, bilateral body symmetry, cephalization, and a body

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

T or F
Sponges are classified as animals because they are multicellular, and heterotrophic, have no cell walls, and contain a few specialized cells.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

T or F
The movement of water through a sponge provides a simple mechanism for feeding, respiration, circulation, and excretion.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Are soft-bodied, carnivorous animals that have stinging tentacles arranged in circles around their mouth. They are the simplest animals to have body symmetry and specialized tissues.

A

Cnidarians

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Cnidarians typically have a life cycle that includes two different-looking stages.

A

a polyp and a medusa.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

T or F
Cnidarians include jellyfishes, hydras and their relatives, sea anemones, and corals.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

T or F
Cnidarians include jellyfishes, hydras and their relatives, sea anemones, and corals.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

T or F
Cnidarians include jellyfishes, hydras and their relatives, sea anemones, and corals.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Are soft, flattened worms that have tissues and internal organ systems.

A

Flatworms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

They are the simplest animals to have three embryonic germ layers, bilateral symmetry, and cephalization.

A

Flatworms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Are free-living marine or freshwater flatworms.

A

Turbellarians

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Are parasitic flatworms that usually infect the internal organs of their hosts.

A

Flukes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Are long, flat, parasitic worms that are adapted to life inside the intestines of their hosts

A

Tapeworms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Are unsegmented worms that have pseudocoeloms and digestive systems with two openings—a mouth and an anus.

A

Roundworms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

They include trichinosis-causing worms, filarial worms, ascarid worms, and hookworms

A

Parasitic roundworms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Are worms with segmented bodies. They have a true coelom that is completely lined with mesoderm.

A

Annelids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Are annelids that typically have only a few setae and live in soil or fresh water.

A

Oligochaetes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Are typically external parasites that suck the blood and body fluids of their host.

A

Leeches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Are marine annelids that have paired, paddlelike appendages tipped with setae

A

Polychaetes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Are soft-bodied animals that usually have an internal or external shell.

A

Mollusks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

The typical mollusk body plan has four parts

A

foot, mantle, shell, and visceral mass.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Are shell-less or single-shelled mollusks that move by using a muscular foot located on the ventral side.

A

Gastropods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

T or F
Bivalves have two mantles that are held together by one or two powerful muscles

A

False: two shells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Are typically soft-bodied mollusks in which the head is attached to a single foot. The foot is divided into tentacles or arms.

A

Cephalopods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Have a segmented body, a tough exoskeleton, and jointed appendages.

A

Arthropods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

T or F
In many groups of cephalopods, continuing evolution has led to fewer body segments and highly specialized appendages for feeding, movement, and other functions.

A

Fale: groups of arthropods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

T or F
When they outgrow their exoskeletons, arthropods undergo periods of molting.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Are classified based on the number and structure of their body segments and appendages, particularly their mouthparts.

A

Arthropods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Typically have two pairs of branched antennae, two or three body sections, and chewing mouthparts called mandibles.

A

Crustaceans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Have mouthparts called chelicerae and two body sections, and most have four pairs of walking legs.

A

Chelicerates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

T or F
Arthropods have jaws, one pair of antennae, and unbranched appendages.

A

T

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Have a body divided into three parts—head, thorax, and abdomen. Three pairs of legs are attached to the thorax.

A

Insects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

The growth and development of insects usually involve _____, which is a process of changing shape and form.

A

metamorphosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

T or F
Crustaceans undergo either incomplete metamorphosis or complete metamorphosis.

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

T or F
Ants, bees, termites, and some of their relatives form complex associations called societies.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Are characterized by spiny skin, five-part radial symmetry, an internal skeleton, a water vascular system, and suction-cup-like structures called tube feet.

A

Echinoderms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Carries out many essential body functions in echinoderms, including respiration, circulation, and movement.

A

The water vascular system

39
Q

T or F
Classes of echinoderms include sea lilies and feather stars, sea stars, brittle stars, sea urchins and sand dollars, and sea cucumbers.

A

True

40
Q

T or F
As animals became larger and more complex, specialized cells joined together to form tissues, organs, and organ systems that work together to carry out basic functions.

A

False: Complex Function

41
Q

T or F
All invertebrates except sponges exhibit some type of body symmetry—either radial symmetry or bilateral symmetry.

A

True

42
Q

T or F
Invertebrates with cephalization can respond to the environment more quickly and in more sophisticated ways than can simpler invertebrates.

A

True

42
Q

T or F
Invertebrates with cephalization can respond to the environment more quickly and in more sophisticated ways than can simpler invertebrates.

A

True

42
Q

T or F
Invertebrates with cephalization can respond to the environment more quickly and in more sophisticated ways than can simpler invertebrates.

A

True

43
Q

T or F
Invertebrates with cephalization can respond to the environment more quickly and in more sophisticated ways than can simpler invertebrates.

A

True

44
Q

T or F
Most Vertebrates with bilateral symmetry also have segmented bodies. Over the course of evolution, different segments have often become specialized for specific functions.

A

False: Invertrbrates

45
Q

T or F
Most animal phyla have a true coelom that is lined completely with mesoderm.

A

True

46
Q

T or F
Worms, arthropods, and mollusks are deuterostomes, and echinoderms are protostomes.

A

False: Protostomes then Deuterostomes

47
Q

T or F
The simplest animals break down food primarily through extracellular digestion, whereas more complex animals use intracellular digestion.

A

False: intracellular then extracellular

48
Q

T or F
Respiratory organs have large surface areas that are in contact with the air or water. For diffusion to occur, these respiratory surfaces must be kept moist.

A

True

49
Q

T or F
Most animals have an excretory system that rids the body of metabolic wastes and controls the amount of water in their tissues.

A

True

50
Q

T or F
Invertebrates show three trends in the evolution of the nervous system: centralization, cephalization, and specialization.

A

True

51
Q

T or F
Invertebrates have one of three main kinds of skeletal systems: hydrostatic skeletons, exoskeletons, and endoskeletons.

A

True

52
Q

T or F
Most invertebrates reproduce sexually during at least part of their life cycle. Depending on environmental conditions, however, many invertebrates may also reproduce asexually.

A

True

53
Q

is an animal that has, for at least some stage of its life, a dorsal, hollow nerve cord; a notochord; pharyngeal pouches; and a tail that extends beyond the anus.

A

chordate

54
Q

The two groups of nonvertebrate chordates are?

A

tunicates and lancelets.

55
Q

Are aquatic vertebrates that are characterized by paired fins, scales, and gills.

A

Fishes

56
Q

T or F
The evolution of jaws and the evolution of paired fins were important developments during the rise of fishes.

A

True

57
Q

T or F
Fishes’ adaptations to terrestial life include various modes of feeding, specialized structures for gas exchange, and paired fins for locomotion

A

False: Aquatic life

58
Q

T or F
On the basis of their basic external structure, all living fishes can be classified into one of three groups: jawless fishes, cartilaginous fishes, and bony fishes.

A

False: Internal

59
Q

is a vertebrate that, with some exceptions, lays eggs in water, lives in water as a larva and on land as an adult, breathes with lungs as an adult, has moist skin that contains mucus glands, and lacks scales and claws.

A

amphibian

60
Q

T or F
Early amphibians evolved several adaptations that helped them live at least part of their lives out of water. Bones in the limbs and limb girdles of amphibians became stronger, permitting more efficient movement. A set of lungs and breathing tubes enabled them to breathe air. Their sternum formed a bony shield that supports and protects the internal organs, especially the lungs.

A

True

61
Q

T or F
The three groups of living amphibians are salamanders, frogs and toads, and caecilians.The three groups of living amphibians are salamanders, frogs and toads, and caecilians.

A

True

62
Q

Is a vertebrate that has scaly skin, lungs, and eggs with several membranes.

A

Reptile

63
Q

T or F
Well-developed lungs; a double-loop circulatory system; an efficient excretory system; strong limbs; internal fertilization; and shelled, terrestrial eggs are the main adaptations that have contributed to the success of reptiles on land.

A

True

64
Q

T or F
The four surviving orders of reptiles are lizards and snakes, crocodilians, turtles and tortoises, and the tuatara.

A

True

65
Q

Are reptilelike animals that maintain a constant internal body temperature. They have an outer covering of feathers, two legs that are covered with scales and are used for walking or perching, and front limbs modified into wings.

A

Birds

66
Q

Have a number of adaptations that enable them to fly. These adaptations include highly efficient digestive, respiratory, and circulatory systems; aerodynamic feathers and wings; and strong chest muscles.

A

True

67
Q

T or F
In addition to having hair and the ability to nourish their young with milk, all mammals breathe air and are endotherms that generate their body heat internally.

A

True

68
Q

T or F
The first true mammals appeared during the late Triassic Period, about 220 million years ago.

A

True

69
Q

T or F
The ability of mammals to regulate their body heat from within is an example of homeostasis.

A

True

70
Q

T or F
As mammals evolved to eat foods other than insects, the form and function of their jaws and teeth became adapted to their diets.

A

True

71
Q

T or F
The bladder of mammals helps maintain homeostasis by excreting or retaining excess liquid.

A

False: The kidneys

72
Q

T or F
The three groups of living mammals are the monotremes, the marsupials, and the placentals (eutherians).

A

T

73
Q

T or F
Eutherians bear live young that complete their development in a pouch. Monotremes lay eggs. In Marsupials, nutrients, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and wastes are exchanged between embryo and mother through the placenta.

A

False: Marsupials then Eutherians

74
Q

T or F
Similar ecological opportunities on the different continents have produced some striking examples of convergent evolution in mammals.

A

True

75
Q

T or F
In general, primates have binocular vision, a well-developed cerebrum, fingers and toes, and arms that rotate in their joints.

A

True

76
Q

Primates that evolved from two of the earliest ancestral branches look very little like typical monkeys and are called prosimians. Members of the more familiar primate group that includes monkeys, apes, and humans are called?

A

anthropoids.

77
Q

T pr F
Today, most paleontologists agree that the hominid fossil record includes at least five genera—Ardipithecus, Australopithecus, Paranthropus, Kenyanthropus, and Homo—and as many as 16 separate hominid species. This diverse group of fossils covers roughly 4.5 million years.

A

True

78
Q

T or F
The chordate family tree has its roots in ancestors that vertebrates share with tunicates and lancelets

A

True

79
Q

Over the course of evolution, the appearance of new adaptations—such as jaws and paired appendages—has launched convergent evolution in chordate groups.

A

False: adaptive radiation

80
Q

The control of body temperature is important for maintaining homeostasis in many vertebrates, particularly in habitats where temperature varies widely with time of day and with season.

A

True

81
Q

T or F
Most fishes, amphibians, and reptiles are endotherms—organisms that obtain heat from outside their bodies. Birds and mammals are ectotherms, which means they can generate heat inside their bodies.

A

False: Endotherms then Ectotherms

82
Q

T or F
The digestive systems of vertebrates have organs that are well adapted for different feeding habits.

A

True

83
Q

T or F
Aquatic chordates—such as tunicates, fishes, and amphibian larvae—use gills for respiration. Land vertebrates, including adult amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals, use lungs.

A

True

84
Q

T or F
During the course of chordate evolution, the heart developed chambers and partitions that help separate the blood traveling in the circulatory system.

A

True

85
Q

T or F
Nonvertebrate chordates have a relatively simple nervous system with a mass of nerve cells that form a brain. Vertebrates have a more complex brain with distinct regions, each with a different function.

A

True

86
Q

T or F
Muscular and skeletal systems support a vertebrate’s body and make it possible to control movement.

A

True

87
Q

When the continents separated 45 million years ago, anthropoids were
split into two groups. New World monkeys live in Central and South
America and they have _______ tails.

A

prehensile

88
Q

The ability to merge visual images from both eyes, giving depth perception and a three-dimensional view of the world

A

Binocular Vision

89
Q

The primate group made up of monkeys, apes, and humans prehensile

A

Anthropoid

90
Q

A thumb that allows the hand to grasp objects and use tools

A

Opposable Thumb

91
Q

T or F
Researchers have found fossils of at least 20 species of hominines. All these species are relatives of modern humans. But not all of them are human ancestors.

A

True

91
Q

T or F
What adaptations enabled later hominine species
to walk upright?

A

The skull, neck, spine, hip bones, and leg bones of early
hominines changed shape in ways that let later species walk upright.

Evolutionary Biology (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions