Lesson 7- DNA Technology

Question 1

Tool box

Answer 1

• selective breeding
• restriction enzymes
• gel electrophoresis
• polymerase chain reaction
• sequencing dna

Question 2

Recombinant DNA Technology

Answer 2

lab manipulation of dna in which fragments from various sources are severed, combined, and reinserted into living organisms (i.e. mice - study human immune system and bacteria can make human insulin)

Question 3

genetic engineering

Answer 3

• GMO’s
• forensics
• healthcare
• ancestory

Question 4

restriction enzymes

Answer 4

identify and cut specific sequences of base pairs on dna molecules (i.e. bamH1, Pvu1, and DPN1)

Question 5

bamH1

Answer 5

enzymes recognize GGATCC sequence

Question 6

Pvu1

Answer 6

enzymes recognize CGATCG sequence

Question 7

DPN1

Answer 7

enzymes recognize GATC sequence

Question 8

sticky end cut

Answer 8

makes a staggered cut which is more used for dna technology because the two fragments can be joined together by hyrdrogen bonds and then dna ligase to form phosphodiester bonds

Question 9

plasmids

Answer 9

small circular pieces of dna found in bacteria, contain genes for specific protein, it is cut and inserted with foreign dna matching sticky ends connect and will express inserted gene

Question 10

gel electrophoresis

Answer 10

a process used to seperate dna fragments based on their relative strengths. cut into different sizes, placed into wells, when turned on the dna (negative) will move towards positive electrode and different sizes of dna will be seperated because small fragments move faster than large (i.e. compare unknown sample to a known used for crime, species, paternity)

Question 11

polymerase chain reaction

Answer 11

used to make copies of small dna fragments (forensics), solution of dna fragments, primers, taq polymerase and free nucleotides, heat breaks H bonds and seperates two strands of dna, cooled and primers will anneal to the strands, taq polymerase starts at primers and builds complimentary strands of dna using free nucleotide, repeats

Question 12

sequencing dna (sanger method)

Answer 12

addition of dideoxynucleotide to growing dna strand do nucleotides don’t add, its labled with markers that fluoesce in specific lights, samples are then seperated using gel electropphoresis.

Question 13

why is sequncing important

Answer 13

gene function.

• identify mutations
• locate regulatory sequences
• specific gene sequences
• compare homologus genes

Question 14

sanger method

Answer 14

1. dna strand is copied through pcr
2. 4 test tubes (dna polymerase, primer, strands, normal nucleotids, and labelled dideoxynucleotides)
3. replication begins
4. nucleotides are added until ddntp is added and prevents further due to no hydroxyl group on 3’
5. fragments of varying lengths are generated and each end in a labled ddntp
6. fragments from each tube are loaded into well of gel electrophoresis and seperated based on length