Lesson 3- Translation

Question 1

role of tRNA

Answer 1

transfer RNA base pairs itself to create folded structure (helps for translation). the bottom has an anticodon that bind with mrna strand, corresponds with each other to know that it is the right segment for the amino acid. the terminal arm end carries the amino acid that corresponds with the anticodon. aminoacyl-trna is the association of tRNA with its amino acid and drives the formation of peptide bonds in translation.

Question 2

role of ribosomes

Answer 2

translate mrna strand into amino acid chains 5’ to 3’. small ribosomal unit binds to 5’ cap and moves along the mrna strand and allows trna to bind with the stand and add amino acids to the polypeptide chain (enters at acceptor site to bind at peptide site and to exit site). moves along until it reaches stop cdodon of mrna and the protein is finished and ribosome dissociates.

Question 3

molecules involved

Answer 3

mrna, trna, ribosomes

Question 4

mrna

Answer 4

binds to ribosome

Question 5

trna

Answer 5

folded upon itself, has an anticodon side and terminal arm side (corresponding amino acid)

Question 6

ribosome

Answer 6

acceptor site, peptide site, and exit site. has a large subunit for the sites and trna to bind, and small subunit for mrna codons

Question 7

stage 1- initation

Answer 7

small subunit of ribosome binds to 5’ mrna strand and moves down 5’ to 3’ once a start codon reaches p site the large subunit binds

Question 8

stage 2- elongation

Answer 8

trna enters a site