Lesson 1- Protein Synthesis

Question 1

what is the central dogma?

Answer 1

DNA-RNA-Proteins

Question 2

transcription

Answer 2

information coded in nucleic acids of DNA is copied into the nucleic acids of RNA (copy)

Question 3

translation

Answer 3

information coded in nucleic acids of RNA is copied into the amino acids of proteins (translate language)

Question 4

DNA

Answer 4

double-stranded, adenine pairs with thymine, guanine pairs with cytosine, deoxyribose sugar

Question 5

RNA

Answer 5

single-stranded, adenine pairs with uracil, guanine pairs with cytosine, ribose sugar.

Question 6

similarities of DNA and RNA

Answer 6

sugar phosphate backbone and nitrogenous bases

Question 7

mRNA

Answer 7

messenger. varies in length, acts as intermediary between DNA and ribosomes, translated into protein by ribosomes, RNA verison of the gene encoded by DNA

Question 8

tRNA

Answer 8

transfer. delivery system of amino acids to ribosomes as they synthesize proteins, very short (70 to 90 base pairs)

Question 9

rRNA

Answer 9

ribosomal. binds with proteins to form ribosomes, varies in length (depending on the gene)

Question 10

describe the genetic code

Answer 10

specific coding relationship between bases and the amino acids they specify; DNA and RNA bases

Question 11

what’s a codon?

Answer 11

a group of 3 base pairs that code for an individual amino acid (AUG-met; ribosome initiates translation)

Question 12

what’s the wobble hypothesis?

Answer 12

some amino acids have 1-6 codobs, this is called redundancy, it allows the third base in a codon to change but still code for the same amino acid